Native Megalobulimus paranaguensis was identified on Brazil's Ilha Porchat promontory, an area that Achatina fulica commonly populates. The population structures of these species were investigated for interactions. Spatial distribution, niche overlap and mark-recapture analysis were conducted. The outer lip of M. paranaguensis and environmental variables were measured. One and two abundance peaks were observed for A. fulica and M. paranaguensis, respectively. Survivorship was higher in A. fulica. Distribution was aggregate for M. paranaguensis, whereas for A. fulica it varied from random to aggregate. Both species aggregate as abundance increases. The lifespan of M. paranaguensis in this location is shorter than its lifespan in a nearby location. Achatina fulica was affected by soil temperature and humidity; M. paranaguensis was influenced by humidity. Niche overlap was random. The results show that M. paranaguensis can keep its natural activity and abundance in the presence of A. fulica, but environmental degradation impacts M. paranaguensis and should be evaluated.
ABSTRACT. We studied the reproductive biology of Megalobulimus paranaguensis (Pilsbry & Ihering, 1900), a large and long-lived land gastropod from the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil. The study was conducted at an urban park in the city of Santos, state of São Paulo. For 4 years, we counted the egg postures and annual eclosion rate of 32 captive snails and looked for associations between egg posture and the climatical variables of the period. The annual mean posture of 8.7 eggs per snail obtained in our results is a small number, but typical of Brazilian macromollusks. The annual eclosion rate was 31%. The beginning of the annual activity period of snails occurred in the middle of March, and lasted 33.97±3.02 weeks. The dormancy period started in the beginning of November, and lasted 18.39±3.11 weeks. There were two egg posture peaks, a minor peak between March and May, and a major peak between August and November, with greater values in September. Megalobulimus paranaguensis has a well-defi ned seasonal reproductive pattern infl uenced by environmental temperature and temperature range. Furthermore, in this snail, reproduction is negatively infl uenced by temperature increasing and temperature range.
Pesq. Vet. Bras. 31(Supl.1):47-52, dezembro 2011 47 RESUMO.-[Morfologia e anatomia topográϐica da medula espinal de jabuti das "patas vermelhas" (Geochelone carbonaria Spix, 1824).] Objetivou-se com este estudo descrever a topograϐia da medula espinhal do jabuti de "patas vermelhas" no intuito de estabelecer bases morfológicas para a investigação aplicada em morfologia, anestesiologia e cirurgia animal. The aim of this study was to describe the topography of the spinal cord of the red-footed tortoise to establish a morphological basis for applied research in anesthesiology and morphology. Six tortoises from the state of Maranhão (Brazil) that had died of natural causes were used. The common carotid artery was used to perfuse the arterial system with saline solution (heated to 37ºC) and to ϐix the material with a 20% formaldehyde solution. The specimens were then placed in a modiϐied decalcifying solution for 72 hours to allow dorsal opening of the carapace with a chisel and an orthopedic hammer. Dissection of the dorsal musculature and sectioning of the vertebral arches were performed to access the spinal cord. The results revealed the spinal cord of G. carbonaria to be an elongated, whitish mass that reached the articulation between the penultimate and last caudal vertebrae. The cervical intumescence (Intumescentia cervicalis) was located between vertebral segments C5 and T1, whereas the lumbosacral intumescence (Intumescentia lumbalis) was located between T6 and Ca1.
Tabela 15. Similaridade pelo Teste T de Student (p > 0,05) dos dados biométricos entre as espécies pertencentes ao "complexo Megalobulimus granulosus" e espécies externas ao complexo: 1. Comprimento da concha similar; 2. Largura de concha similar; 3. Altura de concha similar; 4. Número de voltas totais da concha similar; 5. Número de voltas na protoconcha similar; 6. Relação comprimento da concha / largura da concha similar; 7. Relação comprimento da concha / altura da concha similar; 8. Relação Largura da concha / altura da concha similar. 157 Apêndice 5.2. (continuação) Teste T de Student para as medidas e suas relações em espécies do "complexo M. granulosus" e espécies externas utilizados na construção da Tabela 13. NÚMERO DE VOLTAS DA PROTOCONCHA (5) M. paranaguensis
Megalobulimus dryades sp. nov. is described from the Atlantic Forest in the Vale do Ribeira region, in the states of Paraná and São Paulo, S-SE Brazil, based on morphology. Representatives of the new species with white peristome and glossy periostracum have been misidentified as Megalobulimus gummatus (Hidalgo, 1870) since the 19th Century. The true M. gummatus is revised and redescribed, and its distribution is here restricted to Rio de Janeiro state. Externally, the new species differs from M. gummatus in having distinct protoconch color and sculpture, teleoconch sculpture marked by strong anastomosing rugosities and malleations, and lighter colored white-greyish head-foot. Internally, it presents distinct jaw and radular features, a talon, and a long convoluted penis bearing two flagella. Additional comparisons with other Brazilian congeneric species are also provided.
A new species of megasnail, Megalobulimus diluvianus sp. nov., is herein described based on subfossil material from limestone caves in the area of Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. The specimens come from a context of archaeological strata of early Holocene age. Considering the morphological features of the shell, the new species seems closely allied to the so-called “Megalobulimus bronni complex”, whose representatives inhabit the tropical to subtropical Atlantic plateau of southeastern Brazil. Megalobulimus diluvianus sp. nov. is considered to be presently extinct (substituted by M. oblongus in the stratigraphical record).
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