En este trabajo se plantean los fundamentos básicos de orden conceptual, legal y estratégico que deben ser considerados para el mejoramiento del servicio de transporte urbano en una de las principales ciudades de Venezuela. Siguiendo la metodología del Enfoque Marco Lógico se realizó una aproximación empírica en torno a la deficiente prestación de ese servicio en la ciudad de Maracaibo, la cual fue analizada considerando la naturaleza teórica de dicha actividad como un servicio público local en momentos en que la descentralización ofrece una estructura de oportunidad política para el desarrollo de una economía social en dicho sector, mediante la creación de una red de cooperativas de transporte que además de contribuir a mejorar el servicio, posibilite la generación de capital social.
The 1998 election of Hugo Chávez as President of Venezuelamarked the beginning of a new phenomenon regarding politicalpersonalization in the old Venezuelan democracy. Besides beingan outsider, Chávez has governed with a certain authoritarianshade, always using a concept of discourse radically opposed tothe market economy. However, beyond revisiting the abovementioned elements to the level of functioning of thegovernment, the purpose of this article was to describe, from theoptics of the functioning of the democratic regime, some of theprincipal indicators that show the delegative tendency, which hasacquired the Venezuelan democracy as a structural characterfrom the governments of Chávez. In this respect, it has beenobserved that the use of delegative strategies of government has,more and more, spoiled the weak checks and balances of State,from an institutional point of view. Nevertheless, it not hasmanaged, up to this moment, to spoil the basic proceduralnucleus of the polyarchical game existing in Venezuela.
La reforma política de la tercera ola de la democracia dejó muestra en los marcos legales de muchos países del retorno de mecanismos de decisión basados en la consulta directa a la ciudadanía. En este sentido, el objetivo central de este trabajo es reflexionar, desde un nivel estrictamente teórico el potencial que tienen la iniciativa legislativa popular, el referéndum y la revocatoria del mandato como mecanismos para aumentar la receptividad administrativa del Estado y el control ciudadano sobre las autoridades. Partiendo de una aproximación al objeto desde perspectivas teóricas que abogan respectivamente por la deliberación y el accountability, se ha podido, vía razonamiento deductivo, situar las clásicas figuras de la democracia directa como instituciones que adquieren sentido dentro de la contemporaneidad política en cuanto procedimientos sustantivos de acceso e injerencia ciudadana en la agenda de gobierno, los cuales podrían suponer un emponderamiento del ciudadano conforme sea la recurrencia de uso y su efectividad real para insertar propuestas de políticas y controlar la gestión de las autoridades electas.
The discourse of class struggle that has been attributed to the revolutionary Venezuelan process is an insufficient sample to be able to understand the political identities and alteration arisen during this evolution. Considering the orientation of the left-wing presented by the regime, this work analyzes the speech of the "popular power" of the so called Bolivarian Revolution, putting emphasis on the new logics and dynamics of integration and social and political exclusion that have been generated during the governments of Hugo Chávez, as much in the symbolic level as on the material level. This revolutionary speech of the popular power has been employed, beyond any socialist ideological paradigm, to support the building of social differentiation patterns between the people, which have created a worrying state of political and social intolerance. This context has been reinforced by the restrictions produced by state-citizen relationship where the intermediation through political clientelism and populism gives privileges principally to those persons loyal to the project of revolution.
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