-This study evaluated the effect of different cutting intensities and years of harvesting on the morphological characteristics and production of fresh (FMP) and dry matter (DMP) of cactus pear cv. Gigante (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) under conditions of irrigation, high planting density and fertilization, with 12 months of regrowth. The experimental was completely randomized in a factorial design (3 × 2) with 12 replicates. The treatments were three cutting intensities (preserving the mother cladode (PMC), primary cladodes (PPC), or secondary cladodes (PSC)), and two years of harvesting. The soil was classified as Cambisol Haplicum and the irrigation water was classified as C4S1 (EC 5.25 dS.m -1 ) density of 50,000 plants ha -1 . The research evaluated plant height, number of cladodes per plant (NCP), length, width, perimeter and thickness of the cladodes, cladode area (CA), cladode area index (CAI), FMP and DMP. There was no significant interaction between treatments (P > 0.05) for the variables plant height, NCP, CAI and FMP. The variables related to cladode morphology showed a significant interaction (P < 0.05). The treatment PSC resulted in a greater DMP (P < 0.05) with a mean of 27.17 Mg ha -1 yr -1 , compared to PPC (18.58 Mg ha -1 yr -1 ) or PMC (11.78 Mg ha -1 yr -1 ). The treatment PSC promoted greater NCP and forage productivity at harvest and can be considered as a management practice for the sustainability of cactus pear cv. Gigante under irrigation. The more important morphological characteristics were also influenced by the lower cutting intensities.

RESUMO -O desempenho de vacas da raça Pardo-suíça em lactação e a digestibilidade aparente de dietas contendo níveis de 0; 12,5; 25; 37,5 e 50% de xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei (A. Weber ex K. Schum.) Bly. ex Rowl.) em substituição à silagem de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) foram avaliados utilizando-se cinco vacas com peso vivo (PV) médio de 520 kg e produção média diária de 15 kg de leite. O delineamento experimental foi em quadrado latino (5x5) e constou de cinco animais, cinco períodos e cinco níveis de inclusão de xiquexique na dieta. Cada período experimental teve duração de 17 dias ( dez destinados à adaptação dos animais às dietas e sete para coleta).Os consumos de matéria seca (MS), em kg/dia, % e em unidade de tamanho metabólico (g/kg 0,75 ), de matéria orgânica (MO), de proteína bruta (PB) e de carboidratos totais (CHT), em kg/dia, não foram influenciados pela inclusão de xiquexique na dieta, apresentando valores médios de 15,21; 2,83; 136,10; 13,64; 1,64 e 11,48 kg respectivamente. Os consumos de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), extrato etéreo (EE) e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), em kg/dia, diminuíram, enquanto o de carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF), em kg/dia, elevou linearmente com a inclusão de xiquexique na dieta. A inclusão de xiquexique na dieta não influenciou as digestibilidades de matéria seca (DAMS), matéria orgânica (DAMO), proteína bruta (DAPB), extrato etéreo (DAEE), fibra em detergente neutro (DAFDN) e dos carboidratos totais (DACHT). Não houve efeito da inclusão de xiquexique na dieta sobre a produção (média de 14,80 kg/dia) e na composição química do leite e a eficiência alimentar (kg de leite produzido/kg de MS consumida).Palavras-chave: consumo, pilosocereus, produção de leite, semi-árido Replacement of Sorghum Silage (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) with a Columnar Cactus (Pilosocereus gounellei (A. Weber ex K. Schum.) Byl ex Rowl.) on Diets of Lactating Dairy CowsABSTRACT -Five lactating Brown-Swiss cows averaging 520 kg of body weight (BW) and 15 kg of milk yield were assigned to a 5 x 5 Latin square to study the effects of replacing sorghum silage (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) with a columnar cactus known as xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei (A. Weber ex K. Schum.) Byl ex Rowl.) on animal performance and apparent digestibility of nutrients. The experimental diets contained (DM basis): 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, or 50% of xiquexique. Each experimental period lasted 17 days (10 days for diet adaptation and 7 days for sample collection). Intake of dry matter (DM) expressed as amount (kg/d), as percentage of BW, or as metabolic weight (g/kg 0.75 ) were 15.21 kg/d, 2.83% of BW, and 136.10 g/kg 0.75 and did not change by replacing sorghum silage with xiquexique in the diet. Similarly, intake of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and total carbohydrates (TCH) did not differ and averaged 13.64, 1,64, and 11,48 kg/d across diets, respectively. However, intake (kg/d) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ether extract (EE), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) all decreased linearly (P...

The use of cactus is an alternative for sustainable production systems in Northeast Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of supplying five cacti species from the Brazilian semi-arid northeast region on the physical-chemical sensory characteristics and the profile of fatty acids of Saanen goat milk. Five multiparous goats were used, confined, and distributed in a Latin square 5 × 5 design, with five experimental diets and five periods. Treatments consisted of 473 to 501 g/kg of a cactaceous mix (Pilosocereus gounellei, Cereus jamacaru, Cereus squamosus, Nopalea cochenillifera, or Opuntia stricta) added to 187.8 to 197.9 g/kg of "Sabiá" (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) hay and 311 to 329 g/kg of concentrate. No effects of experimental diets (P > 0.05) were evidenced in the physical and chemical composition of milk for fat, total solids, or salt levels. However, protein, lactose, solids-not-fat levels, and cryoscopy point were influenced by diet (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the profile of fatty acids between treatments for all acids found, except for butyric acid. Diets also did not (P > 0.05) confer sensory changes in milk characteristics. The use of the native cacti in the dairy goats' diet did not influence the sensory characteristics or lipid profile of milk.

a b s t r a c tMicrosatellite transferability was used as a method to examine the genetic diversity and structure of populations in Pilosocereus gounellei seedling samples that have potential to implement effective restoration strategies for degraded and disturbed areas of the Caatinga biome. Genomic DNA was extracted from 85 seedlings obtained from fruit collected from plants growing in native areas in the Brazilian states of Piaui (PI), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), and Bahia (BA). Six microsatellite primers were polymorphic. AMOVA showed higher genetic variation within (72%) than among (28%) the samples from the three states. The high level of similarity between the seedlings from PI, BA, and RN indicated that samples collected at any of the three sites can be used to represent the genetic diversity of the species. Seeds of plants from the three States are recommended as samples for germplasm banks and/or the production of plantlets to i) plant in areas of strategic reserves for forage, ii) deploy new cultivation areas, iii) restore degraded areas in the semi-arid Northeast, and iv) maintain ecological reserve banks and fodder with genetically divergent plants.

This study aimed to assess the nutrient intake and milk production of dairy goats fed with total mixed rations with different species of forage cacti. Five pluriparous Saanen goats (50 ± 4 kg) at nine weeks of lactation were allocated in a Latin square (5 x 5) with five diets and five periods. Each period was composed of 10 days for adaptation and seven days for collection. The treatments were composed of 473.0 to 501.0 g kg-1 of forage cacti: xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei), mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru), facheiro (Pilosocereus chrysostele), cactus cladodes cv. miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) and cactus cladodes cv. orelha de elefante mexicana (Opuntia stricta); plus sabiá hay (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) (188.0 to 198.0 g kg-1) and concentrate (311.0 to 329.0 g kg-1). The intake of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, and water intake through diet components were unaffected by experimental diets. For milk production and feed efficiency, no difference was observed among the diets. All diets containing different species of forage cacti can be used for dairy goats feed.