Background Urban agriculture has been evidenced as a food production and environmental sustainability strategy, although it faces many obstacles in Latin American countries. Additionally, in urban areas, low consumption of fruit and greenery is noticeable, along with loss in food diversity, including the neglected and underutilized species (NUS), which involve potential to strengthen local food systems. For this reason, this work has sought to map urban gardens in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, characterizing their gardeners, and to systematize information regarding food produced and the use of NUS. Methods The municipality’s urban gardens were mapped and data was collected from the gardeners. The study included two steps: (i) garden localization; (ii) on-site visits for interviews with gardeners and verification of cultivated food, destination of production, availability, and use of NUS. Results Eighteen active food gardens were located, seventeen of which participated in the study: eight (8) communal (UCG) and nine (9) private (UPG). Respondents were on average 55.76 years old, mostly (52.9%) male, working at UPG (88.9%). Women predominated in the UCG (87.5%), with higher levels of education. For 52.9% of the interviewees, the garden was their main source of income. Food produced at the urban gardens was consumed by 82.4% of the gardeners and their families. In 70.6% of the gardens, production was also sold, while 47.1% donated. During the survey, 59 NUS were found and 76.5% of respondents reported consuming 19 of the species. NUS leaves, fruits, and seeds were found to be eaten raw, boiled, or sautéed in various preparations, especially Coleus amboinicus Lour. (76.5%), Eryngium foetidum L. (35.3%), Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss., and Pereskia aculeata Mill (both 29.4%). Occurrence and utilization of NUS did not present significant associations with the gardens or gardeners (p > 0.05). Conclusions Salvador urban gardens, even in small numbers and without government support, have produced affordable food for the local population, preserved food diversity, and the tradition of NUS cultivation and use. Thus, urban gardens are reaffirmed as relevant spaces that should be included in public policies in order to promote food and nutritional security, biodiversity, and urban environmental sustainability.
This paper presents the chromosomal number of 18 species of Bromeliaceae occurring in Brazil, which belong to the Neoregleia, Cryptanthus, Canistropsis, Canistrum, Hohenbergia, Orthophytum and Witrockia genera. The results display the 2nϭ50 diploid number for the majority of the species, 2nϭ34 for the Cryptanthus species and 2nϭ100 for Orthophytum amoenum. B chromosomes were observed in Hohenbergia pennae. This is the first register for 14 species and the new counting for Neoregelia carolinae, Neoregelia cruenta, Canistropsis microps and Cryptanthus beuckeri. The chromosomal counting in this work agree with the basic number xϭ25 for the majority of the species and xϭ17 for the Cryptanthus ones.
SummaryThe chromosome number of 25 Bromeliaceae species from the genera Dyckia, Vriesea, Aechmea, Ananas, Billbergia, Nidularium, Neoregelia, Neoglaziovia, Orthophytum, Portea, Quesnelia and Wittrockia were assessed. All are diploid 2nϭ50, except for Orthophytum albopictum and Neoglaziovia variegata, both tetraploids, 2nϭ100. The chromosome counts are the first report for 19 of the 25 species evaluated. All chromosome counts reinforce xϭ25 as the basic number for the family. Key words Chromosome number, Bromeliaceae.Bromeliaceae is one of the largest families from tropical plants that have an exclusive origin in the American continents, except Pitcairnia feliciana, which is from the Gulf of Guinea, Africa. This family is distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical latitudes, from the Southern United States, in the states of Virginia and Texas, to the central regions of Chile and Argentine. The largest centers of origin and diversity are in South America. The most primitive members of the Pitcairnioideae and Tillandsioideae subfamilies are found in the northern region of Andean Mountains to Mexico and the Antilles, while the eastern part of Brazil has the most advanced species of the Bromelioideae subfamily, and the evolved species from the genera Dyckia from Pitcairnoideae and Vriesea from Tillandsioideae (Smith 1934, Leme andMarigo 1993). The cytogenetic analyses of the Bromeliaceae comprise approximately 12% of known species, with the majority being cultivated ornamental (Lindschau 1933, Weiss 1965, Gauthé 1965, Marchant 1967, Sharma and Ghosh 1971, McWilliams 1974, Brown et al. 1984, Varadarajan and Brown 1985, Brown and Gilmartin 1986, 1989, Lin et al. 1987, Brown et al. 1997, Baracho and Guerra 2000, Gitaí et al. 2000, Cotias de Oliveira et al. 2000, Palma-Silva 2003. The first chromosome counts revealed great variation with 2nϭ48, 50, 56, 64, 72, 94, 96, 100 and 126, and contradictory interpretations on its basic number. On the hand, the precise counts realized by Marchant (1967) revealed a great uniformity in the chromosome number, which was 2nϭ50, 100 and 34, based on basic number xϭ25 and a derived haploid number nϭ17. Brown and Gilmartin (1989) mainly counted the chromosome numbers from the members of the Tillandsioideae subfamily, and they confirmed a predominance of 2nϭ50 and a basic number xϭ25. Even though almost 50% of the known species are found in Brazil, their cytogenetic analysis is scarce and for that reason, it represents a great source of subjects to study chromosome evolution in Bromeliaceae. In this report, we assess the chromosome numbers of 25 Bromeliaceae species, belonging to the genera Dyckia,
O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais. Conselho Editorial Ciências Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas APRESENTAÇÃO O termo "genética" nos últimos anos ganhou uma conotação cada vez mais importante e acessível à população. Podemos dizer que a genética saiu da rotina laboratorial e da sala de aula para adentrar as casas da população, seja por informação ou na forma de produto. Isso porque a revolução tecnológica contribuiu grandemente com o avanço no campo da pesquisa básica e aplicada à genética, e as descobertas propciadas por tecnologias mais apuradas possibilitaram um entendimento mais amplo desta importante área. A genética como sabemos possui um campo vasto de aplicabilidades que podem colaborar e cooperar grandemente com os avanços científicos e tecnológicos. O acelerado mundo das descobertas científicas caminha a passos largos e rápidos no sentido de transformar a pesquisa básica em aplicada, portanto é relevante destacar que investimentos e esforços nessa área contribuem grandemente com o desenvolvimento de uma nação. O livro "Inventários e Recursos Genéticos" aqui apresentado, aborda assuntos relativos aos avanços e dados científicos publicados de cunho voltado para a utilização dos recursos genéticos disponíveis na área ambiental, microbiológica dentre outras diversas que cientistas tem gastado esforços para compreender. Assim, são diversas as possibilidades de aplicações genéticas em diversos campos, neste livro tentaremos otimizar os conceitos dos recursos genéticos abordando plantas medicinais, segurança alimentar, sanidade animal, microrganismos patogênicos, identificação molecular, caracterização morfoagronômica, Banco de DNA, metabólitos secundários, melhoramento genético, análise multivariada, bioinformática, expressão de genes, viabilidade polínica, Germoplasma, recursos genéticos, cultivares, Qualidade de sementes; seleção de plantas; melhoramento genético da mamoneira, simulações em Easypop, fluxo gênico, fragmentação florestal, análise de diversidade genética de Nei, Coeficientes de endogamia, demonstrando ferramentas genéticas e moleculares usadas em diferentes estudos que estão diretamente relacionados ao dia-a-dia da população. Desejamos que este material possa somar de maneira significativa aos novos conceitos aplicados à genética Parabenizamos cada autor pela teoria bem fundamentada aliada à resultados promissores, e principalmente à Atena Editora por permitir que o conhecimento seja difundido e disponibilizado para que as novas gerações se interessem cada vez mais pelo ensino e pesquisa em genética.
-This study aimed to characterize buffel grass accessions of the Cenchrus Germplasm Active Bank (CGAB) from Embrapa Semi-Arid in a morphoagronomic way, checking the descriptors variability and efficiency in accessions on two consecutive cuts. Twenty-five accessions and five buffel grass cultivars were used in randomized complete block design with three replications. Evaluations were conducted after two consecutive cuts, each evaluation performed 90 days after each cut. Characterization was based on 15 quantitative and qualitative morphoagronomic descriptors. Quantitative descriptors were subjected to individual and joint univariate analysis of variance, followed by the Scott-Knott's test at 5% significance. Yet qualitative descriptors were submitted to descriptive analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative descriptors were grouped based on the Gower algorithm for divergence analysis. A dendrogram and calculations of the characters relative importance for divergence were established. Genotype and cutting effects were significant for almost all descriptors in the joint analysis. This result indicates a genetic variability between genotypes and, regarding the cut, it indicates mainly differences in growth rate of each genotype in each cutting season. Genotypes were separated into three groups, which showed good genotype variation. The number of tillers per clump, followed by number of inflorescence and color of seeds, were the most relevant characters in genotype separation.
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