This study aimed to analyze the discourses of patients who were diagnosed with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, the perception of why they acquired this health condition and barriers to seeking care in a priority city in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was an exploratory qualitative study, which used the theoretical-methodological framework of the Discourse Analysis of French matrix, guided by the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. The study was conducted in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Seven participants were interviewed who were undergoing treatment at the time of the interview. The analysis of the participants’ discourses allowed the emergence of four discursive blocks: (1) impact of the social determinants in the development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, (2) barriers to seeking care and difficulties accessing health services, (3) perceptions of the side effects and their impact on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment, and (4) tuberculosis and COVID-19: a necessary dialogue. Through discursive formations, these revealed the determinants of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Considering the complexity involved in the dynamics of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, advancing in terms of equity in health, that is, in reducing unjust differences, is a challenge for public policies, especially at the current moment in Brazil, which is of accentuated economic, political and social crisis. The importance of psychosocial stressors and the lack of social support should also be highlighted as intermediary determinants of health. The study has also shown the situation of COVID-19, which consists of an important barrier for patients seeking care. Many patients reported fear, insecurity and worry with regard to returning to medical appointments, which might contribute to the worsening of tuberculosis in the scenario under study.

Objetivo: avaliar a tendência, magnitude e severidade da COVID-19 em profissionais de enfermagem segundo os estados brasileiros e macrorregiões.Métodos: estudo ecológico de séries temporais e abordagem espacial. Foram levantados os casos e óbitos, no período de 20/03/2020 a 31/05/2020, disponibilizados pelo Observatório de Enfermagem do Conselho Federal de Enfermagem.Resultados: foram notificados 6149 casos e 138 óbitos de COVID-19 entre profissionais de enfermagem; observou-se tendência de crescimento progressivo de casos e mortes em todas as macrorregiões. Foi identificado um aglomerado de alto risco para ocorrência da doença entre profissionais no Amazonas, e um para mortalidade nos estados do Pará e Amapá.Conclusão: o estudo evidenciou tendências crescentes e áreas de risco por COVID-19, observandose perfil diferenciado entre as regiões, o que se deve às medidas adotadas nas instituições para proteção dos seus trabalhadores.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a associação entre o acesso à mamografia no Brasil e a cobertura pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e pela saúde suplementar. Métodos Realizou-se um estudo ecológico com dados obtidos do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). A tendência da série temporal foi analisada pelo método de Prais-Winsten utilizando-se como unidades de análise as unidades federativas brasileiras. Para investigar a relação entre a variável dependente – mulheres de 50 a 69 anos que nunca realizaram exame de mamografia – e as independentes, de cobertura de ESF ou saúde suplementar e socioeconômicas, realizou-se análise de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados O Acre foi o único estado que não apresentou tendência crescente da cobertura da saúde suplementar. Roraima, Tocantins, Maranhão, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte e Paraíba apresentaram tendência estacionária para a cobertura pela ESF, enquanto as demais unidades federativas apresentaram cobertura crescente. Observou-se associação significativa entre nunca ter realizado mamografia na idade de 50 a 69 anos e as variáveis renda média per capita e cobertura pela ESF e saúde suplementar (R 2 = 0,77; P < 0,001). Conclusão A desigualdade no acesso a mamografia é uma realidade no Brasil. Tanto a saúde suplementar quanto a Estratégia Saúde da Família têm contribuído para melhoria do acesso dessas mulheres.

This study's objective was to estimate the temporal trends of leprosy according to sex and age groups, as well as to estimate and predict the progression of the disease in a hyperendemic city located in the northeast of Brazil. This ecological time-series study was conducted in Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil. Leprosy cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2016 were included. Detection rates stratified by sex and age groups were estimated. The study of temporal trends was accomplished using the Seasonal-Trend Decomposition method and temporal modeling of detection rates using linear seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model according to Box and Jenkins method. Trend forecasts were performed for the 2017-2020 period. A total of 3,212 cases of leprosy were identified, the average incidence among men aged between 30 and 59 years old was 201.55/100,000 inhabitants and among women in the same age group was 135.28/100,000 inhabitants. Detection rates in total and by sex presented a downward trend, though rates stratified according to sex and age presented a growing trend among men aged less than 15 years old and among women aged 60 years old or over. The final models selected in the timeseries analysis show the forecasts of total detection rates and rates for men and women presented a downward trend for the 2017-2020 period. Even though the forecasts show a downward trend in Imperatriz, the city is unlikely to meet a significant decrease of the disease burden by 2020.

The present study aimed to investigate the epidemiological situation of leprosy (Hansen’s Disease), in a hyperendemic metropolis in the Central-West region of Brazil. We studied trends over eleven years, both in the detection of the disease and in disabilities, analyzing disparities and/or differences regarding gender and age. This is an ecological time series study conducted in Cuiabá, capital of the state of Mato Grosso. The population consisted of patients diagnosed with leprosy between the years 2008 and 2018. The time series of leprosy cases was used, stratifying it according to gender (male and female), disability grade (G0D, G1D, G2D, and not evaluated) and age. The calendar adjustment technique was applied. For modeling the trends, the Seasonal-Trend decomposition procedure based on Loess (STL) was used. We identified 9.739 diagnosed cases, in which 58.37% were male and 87.55% aged between 15 and 59 years. Regarding detection according to gender, there was a decrease among women and an increase in men. The study shows an increasing trend in disabilities in both genders, which may be related to the delay in diagnosis. There was also an increasing number of cases that were not assessed for disability at the time of diagnosis, which denotes the quality of the services.

To investigate the association of certain social determinants with areas at high-risk for leprosy in a hyperendemic city in northeastern Brazil. Methods: An ecological study was carried out in Imperatriz, a hyperendemic municipality of northeastern Brazil. The units of analysis were urban census tracts, in which variables related to the number of dwellers per domicile, literacy and per capita monthly income were selected for the construction of the social determinants

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Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espacial e temporal da hanseníase em cenário de baixa endemicidade no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, sobre casos de hanseníase notificados em no município de Ribeirão Preto, entre 2006 e 2016. A tendência temporal da taxa de detecção de hanseníase foi verificada mediante decomposição de séries temporais, e identificadas as áreas de alta e de baixa ocorrência da doença utilizando-se a técnica Getis-Ord Gi*. Resultados: Foram 890 casos, e a taxa de detecção apresentou uma tendência crescente no período analisado, com crescimento médio de 1% ao mês. Identificou-se áreas de alta ocorrência da doença na região norte do município (99% e 95% de confiança). Conclusão: A taxa de detecção de hanseníase apresentou tendência temporal crescente, e a análise espacial permitiu visualizar que a 4 região do município com maior ocorrência da doença se caracteriza por apresentar as maiores desigualdades sociais.