Tidal creeks are meandering channels that are highly influenced by tidal changes and can experience substantial variation in salinity and depth over the course of the same day. The goal of the present work is to survey the ichthyofauna associated with these environments and to assess seasonal differences in their composition in tidal creeks of the euhaline sector of the estuary of the Paranaguá. Two tidal creeks of the Pinheiros bay were sampled monthly at the same time using fyke nets. A total of 13,755 fish from 55 species and 27 families were captured. Only the clupeiforms Anchoa parva, Cetengraulis edentulus, and Harengula clupeola showed substantial seasonal variation in abundance, being most frequent during the fall and its adjacent months. Benthophagic individuals such as Sphoeroides testudineus, Bairdiella ronchus and Cathorops spixii were the most dominant in terms of biomass and were present all year long, although with irregular abundance. Sciaenid species were most frequent in the fall and winter, both as juveniles and as adults. The spring and part of the fall were characterized by the highest number of species with mature gonads, whereas the fall was the most important recruitment period, causing an increase in the richness indices and in the number of captured individuals. Tidal creeks were intensively visited by fish of all trophic levels and ages. These results, together with the high richness and diversity indices, corroborate the importance of tidal creeks for the preservation of estuarine environments.
The accelerated production and replacement of new electrical and electronic equipment demonstrates a tendency for the proportional increase in the generation of e-waste. Developing countries experience similar social and environmental consequences from this trend, which compounds the other challenges associated with the already poor solid waste management in these regions. Moreover, the dangerous composition of some e-waste amplifies the problems related to managing these materials. This mini-review presents a brief overview of e-waste management in Brazil, including technical aspects, scientific studies, and the challenges ahead. With the Brazilian National Policy of Solid Waste already in place, technical and scientific studies endorse measures that range from incorporating the informal recycling sector into the e-waste management sector to encouraging the expansion of the recycling industry. All such actions, combined with an intensified commitment of electronic equipment manufacturers to reverse logistics, can improve e-waste management in Brazil.
High e‐waste production has become a growing worldwide challenge in waste management. Several studies show negative consequences for the environment and public health from improper e‐waste management. In this context, this paper presents a characterization of e‐waste sent to recyclable waste picker cooperatives in a Brazilian city. E‐waste is mistakenly disposed of by the population as common recyclable waste and collected through special selective collection programs. The research also evaluated aspects related to the risks and opportunities inherent to e‐waste handling by cooperatives. The results showed that i) the population very often discards e‐waste along with common recyclable waste; ii) cooperative members unsafely dismantle e‐waste for resale, because the profitability of these materials is much higher than that of ordinary recyclables; and iii) the municipality must make the population aware of the separation and disposal of e‐waste. More than just a challenge for managers, proper e‐waste management is a market with high environmental and economic potential, both negative and positive, and complete knowledge and mastery of it will show what will prevail. The results of this research may support a proposal for continuous monitoring and analysis of the flow of e‐waste to better manage this type of waste.
In addition to the difficulties involved in the management of conventional solid waste, the management of waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is significantly more complex due to its unusual chemical composition and fast generation. Both developed and developing countries have been looking for solutions to deal with the problems caused by the growing flow of WEEE, especially regarding sustainable solutions based on reducing resource exploitation by the recovery of materials from this type of waste. In this context, this work presents a quali-quantitative and comprehensive literature review of the publications on the management of WEEE, from the perspective of a circular economy. The results showed that the first publications on the topic appear in 2006, with a significant increase from 2015, the year when the Circular Economy Action Plan was instituted in the European Community. The most prominent authors have been giving emphasis to researches on recycling, reuse and technologies for the recovery of materials/energy from WEEE. Nevertheless, few studies have been found focusing on the prevention/reduction in WEEE generation, priority actions of the WEEE management hierarchy. The works analysed show that the current management of WEEE, despite considering the circularity of materials, prioritizes the development of technological solutions of the end-of-pipe type, greatly represented by the recovery of materials, instead of preventing the generation, which may be detrimental to long-term sustainability. The work ends with the presentation of a SWOT-TOWS (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis conducted to define the main strategies for the improvement of WEEE management from a circular economy perspective.
Este e-book traz informações de fácil compreensão sobre a família Passifloraceae, sobretudo nos estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina. São mostradas 16 espécies, todas acompanhadas por fotografias das flores e estruturas que auxiliam na identificação. Também há informações sobre onde os exemplares foram encontrados e dicas sobre a propagação das espécies. Duas espécies ornamentais não são nativas da região, mas já são cultivadas.
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