Abstract.-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 combinations of salinity and temperature on larval growth of Litopenaeus vannamei, starting in nauplius V (NV) and ending at postlarva (PL1), a process which lasted seven days. The results show that the larvae have greater length and weight at temperatures of 30 to 35°C in combination with salinities between 25 and 35. In conclusion, salinity and temperature are important factors to consider for the production of larvae of L. vannamei.
Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de dietas tradicionales (Thalassiosira weissflogii y nauplios de Artemia) y otras dos alternativas (no tradicionales) a base de microalgas y rotíferos sobre la supervivencia, el desarrollo y crecimiento de larvas nauplio V (NV) hasta el día de cambio a postlarvas (PL1) de camarón Penaeus vannamei. Materiales y Métodos. Se realizaron dieciséis réplicas (unidades experimentales) para cada una de las tres dietas utilizadas. Las larvas se colocaron en contenedores de 12 L a 35 ups, 30°C y una densidad de 200 larvas/L. La supervivencia, etapa del desarrollo y el crecimiento se determinaron al inicio, cada 24 h y al final del experimento (PL1: día 8). A los datos obtenidos se les aplicó un ANOVA de una vía. Resultados. La dieta no tuvo influencia (p>0.05) sobre supervivencia y el peso. La supervivencia osciló entre 30.4% (dieta alternativa B) y 28.5% (dieta tradicional A). El desarrollo, longitud y peso más bajo a PL1 fue encontrado con la dieta tradicional (6.71; 3.53 mm; 58.37 µm/organismo) en comparación con las dietas alternativas suministradas B y C (6.86-6.76; 3.79-3.82 mm; 60.7-65.0 µm/organismo). Conclusiones. La alimentación más adecuada para la supervivencia, desarrollo y crecimiento larval se obtuvieron con las dietas alternativas no tradicionales (B y C) compuestas de rotíferos.
This work aims to evaluate its effect on cell density, biomass, and proximal composition in semicontinuous cultures. Thalassiosira weissflogii was cultivated in five culture media, for which the f medium was taken as reference, and the concentrations of nitrates, phosphates, and silicates were modified up to a factor of four in five treatments (f/4, f/2, f, 2f, and 4f). Cell density and biomass increased as the initial nutrients rose in the treatments. Protein and lipids (mg L-1) in the biomass of T. weissflogii were higher in the 2f and 4f treatments for the three partial harvests. The lipid biomass in the cultures was higher than with proteins and carbohydrates for all treatments, with 2f and 4f being the most concentrated. The concentration of nitrates, phosphates, and silicates of the culture media, declined as the cell density increased in all cultures, decreasing more than 90% in phosphates and 94-98% for the silicates for the initial concentrations. At the cell level, the percentage of carbohydrates related to dry weight in T. weissflogii increased as the level of the f treatment decreased. Meanwhile, the protein fraction declined when the level of the f medium was either increased or decreased. The data reported in this study can be useful for producing T. weissflogii in a 30% semicontinuous system, obtaining more controlled biomass production per day with an estimated value of its proximal composition, based on the level of the f medium.
Objetive. The combined effect of salinity (25, 30, 35, and 40psu) and temperature (25, 30, and 35 o C) was evaluated on survival and development from nauplii V (NV) larvae until postlarvae (PL1) of Litopenaeus vannamei. Materials and methods. Four replicates were applied to each combination of salinity and temperature. The larvae were placed in 12 L beakers a density of 100larvae/L. Salinity was increased dissolving commercial salt without iodine, into marine water, whereas fresh filtered tap water was used to decrease the salinity from seawater. The NV were adapted at 35psu and 30°C during 30 minutes. Thereafter, were transferred at each experimental combination of salinity and temperature. Every 24 h, samples of larvae were obtained to determine in vivo their stage of development and survival. All data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA. Results. Survival and larval development were significantly (p<0.05) affected by salinity, temperature and interaction of both factors. Maximum ultimate survival to PL1 was obtained at 30°C and 30psu (82.2%) followed by 30 and 35°C at 25psu (71.5 y 71.6%). The highest development at PL1 was found at 30°C and 30psu (6.76). Larval development during experiment was lower at 25°C as compared to 30 and 35°C, regardless of the salinity levels. Conclusions. The most adequate conditions for survival and larval development were obtained between 30-35°C and 25-30psu.Keywords: Aquatic environment, crustacea, larvae, saline waters (Source: DeCS). RESUMENObjetivo. Analizar el efecto combinado de salinidad (25, 30, 35 y 40 ups) y temperatura (25, 30 y 35°C) sobre la supervivencia y el desarrollo de larvas nauplio V (NV) hasta postlarvas (PL1) de Litopenaeus vannamei. Materiales y métodos. Los experimentos se realizaron por cuadriplicado por cada combinación de salinidad y temperatura. Las larvas se mantuvieron en acuarios de 12 L a una densidad de 100larvas/L. La salinidad se incrementó disolviendo sal granulada libre de yodo, a partir de agua de mar, mientras que para alcanzar las salinidades menores se utilizó agua dulce filtrada. Los NV aclimatados a 35ups y 30°C durante 30 minutos fueron transferidos a cada combinación experimental de salinidad y temperatura. Cada 24 h, se obtuvieron muestras de larvas para determinar in vivo su etapa de desarrollo y supervivencia. Los datos fueron analizados por un ANOVA de dos vías. Resultados. La supervivencia y el desarrollo larval fueron significativamente afectadas por la DOI:doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.1022 5845 salinidad, temperatura y su interacción (p<0.05). La máxima supervivencia final a PL1 se obtuvo a 30°C y 30ups (82.2%), seguido por 30 y 35°C a 25ups (71.5 y 71.6%). El desarrollo más alto a PL1 fue encontrado a 30°C y 30ups (6.76). El desarrollo larval durante el experimento fue más bajo a 25°C en comparación con 30 y 35°C, independientemente de los niveles de salinidad. Conclusiones. Las condiciones más adecuadas para la supervivencia y desarrollo larval se obtuvieron entre 30-35°C y 25-30ups.Palabras clave: Ambiente acuático, crust...
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