This review discusses some of the impacts that biotechnology, genomics and nanotechnology convergence should have on future cancer management, in particular, the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and cancer stem cells. Emergent therapeutic strategies in cancer have been focusing on the use of mAbs to stimulate an immune response against tumors, to block signaling pathways, or to refine delivery of cytotoxic agents. Now that cancer stem cells are being identified and characterized in different tumor types, their relevance to cancer physiopathology is becoming evident, making them natural targets for mAb development. Cancer stem cells are postulated to be responsible for tumor development, metastasis and relapse after conventional therapies. Therefore, mAbs targeting specific antigens and related pathways altered in cancer stem cells should facilitate earlier diagnosis through molecular imaging techniques and more efficient destruction of tumor initiating cells, thus improving clinical outcome.
Superando deficiências do sistema de pesquisa científica e tecnológica, implantam-se, no Brasil, novos paradigmas de organização e financiamento na área. Neste quadro foi criada a Fapesp, uma agência inovadora de fomento à pesquisa. O artigo analisa a trajetória institucional desta Fundação, destacando seus principais projetos recentes.
ResumenEl propósito de este trabajo es comparar los movimientos de población de Andalucía y Cataluña durante los años 1995-2006 y relacionar este movimiento con la modernización social del período. Se utilizan como indicadores de modernización el nivel de renta declarado y los años de escolarización, y se diferencia el territorio según el tamaño demográfi-co del municipio. Las conclusiones se resumen de los modos siguientes.La mejora en el nivel educativo se observa generalizada, salvo en los municipios andaluces menores (≤2.000), envejecidos y despoblados, y en los andaluces y catalanes mayores (>100.000), repoblados mediante procesos de sustitución demográfica, evidentes en la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona y no en las mayores ciudades andaluzas. En cambio, se observa una relación, significativa en el caso catalán e importante en el andaluz, entre el crecimiento demográfico y el de los ingresos familiares.En Andalucía (durante los años observados), el aumento de renta se ha debido al de población y la merma de renta ha sido efecto de la pérdida de población en bastante medida. No ha ocurrido de igual forma o en la misma medida en Cataluña. Ésta es una fór-mula insostenible, puesto que no se puede mejorar a costa de crecer indefinidamente. Cabe concluir, pues, que la homogeneidad territorial es indicador y efecto de la modernización, pero también una condición y un factor para su continuidad. Palabras clave: movimientos de población, modernización social, ingreso declarado, años de escolarización, tamaño de población del municipio, homogeneidad territorial. Andalusia and Catalonia (1995-2006) Abstract. Population movements in . A comparison from the perspective of modernization theoryThe purpose of this study is to compare the movements of people from Andalusia and Catalonia during the years 1995-2006 and to link these movements with social modernization of the same period. The indicators used for this purpose are level of declared income and the years of schooling. The territory has been differed depending on the municipality population size. The findings are summarized in the following ways.An improvement of the overall educational level is observed, except in smaller Andalusian municipalities ≤2000, aged and depopulated, and in bigger >100.000 Andalusian and Catalonian municipalities, repopulated by demographic processes, evident in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region but not in the major cities of Andalusia. Instead, there is a significant relation between population growth and family income in both regions. Papers, 2010Papers, , 95/4 1077Papers, -1103 Movimientos de población en Andalucía y Cataluña (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) : 11-11-2008 In Andalusia (for the obseved years) was due to the increase of population and the loss of income was the effect of the loss of population as well. This was not the case in the same way or to the same extent in Catalonia. This formula is unsustainaible, since it is not possible to improved at the expense of indefinite g...
O programa BIOTA é uma das iniciativas mais importantes do sistema de pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo em todos os tempos, que se destaca por múltiplos aspectos. Inicialmente pela relevância e amplitude de seus objetivos científicos -inventariar e estudar uma das mais ricas e complexas biodiversidades do planeta. Não há precedentes de ambição comparável, como reconhecido pela assessoria internacional especializada que acompanha a execução do Programa desde sua concepção.
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