Purpose On May 25, 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) became mandatory for all organizations that handle the personal data of European Union citizens. This exploratory study aims to determine the critical success factors (CSFs) related to implementing the GDPR in Portuguese public higher education institutions (HEIs). Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a multimethod methodology with qualitative and quantitative methods. A multiple case study was carried out in Portuguese public universities. As procedures for data collecting and analysis, semistructured interviews with 26 questions were conducted with the data protection officers of these universities during May and July 2019 to derive a set of CSFs. Next, the Delphi method has been applied to determine the ranking of the CSFs. The hierarchical clusters analysis has also been applied to determine the cluster with essential CSFs. To derive the CSF, the method by Caralli et al. (2004) has been applied. Findings This study has identified the list of 16 CSFs related to the implementation of GDPR in HEIs, among which we can highlight, for instance, empower workers on the GDPR; commit top management with the GDPR; implement the GDPR with the involvement of management and workers; create a culture for data protection; and create a decentralized team of pivots for data protection. Research limitations/implications It could have been more enriching in the CSF determination process if all Portuguese public universities had participated in this study. In fact, within their many similarities, universities are also very different in approaching privacy and data protection. New studies are needed to determine whether the CSFs identified apply equally to other organizations, namely, private HEIs with less bureaucracy. Originality/value Identifying CSFs related to GDPR implementation in Portuguese public universities is a new area of study. This paper is a contribution to its development.
Background: Present the relevance of the study and highlights the key points of literature overview. Purpose: As of May 25, 2018, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has become mandatory for all organizations, public or private, that handle personal data of European citizens, regardless of their physical location. Higher education institutions (HEIs), namely public universities, are no exception to this requirement and, as in many other organizations, many HEIs begin the process of implementing the GDPR without meeting the minimum conditions necessary for implementation. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to present a model to determine the level of readiness of HEIs regarding the implementation of the GDPR. Study design/methodology/approach: With the objective of designing a new artefact as a readiness model for the implementation of the GDPR, this study follows Design Science Research as an approach to be used to build the readiness model, based on a set of 16 critical success factors (CSFs) previously determined. Findings/conclusions: A readiness model was designed, based on a set of 16 CSFs related to the implementation of GDPR in HEIs. Limitations/future research: This is a new area of study that needs further development, namely through the practical application of the model, allowing the improvement of the measurement levels of the different CSFs. Practical implications: The determined readiness model allows HEIs to realize a priori if they have the necessary conditions for the implementation of the GDPR, giving useful indications of the organizational dimensions and the CSFs that compose them where better performance is necessary to ensure a successful implementation. Originality/Value: As far as we know, this is the first model of readiness based on CSFs related to the implementation of GDPR in HEIs, being therefore a first contribution to the development of this area.
Aiming to reduce cycle time and improving the accuracy on tracking, a modified adaptive control was developed, which adapts autonomously to changing dynamic parameters. The platform used is based on a robot with a vision based sensory system. Goal and obstacles angles are calculated relatively to robot orientation from image processing software. Autonomous robots are programmed to navigate in unknown and unstructured environments where there are multiple obstacles which can readily change their position. This approach underlies in dynamic attractor and repulsive forces. This theory uses differential equations that produce vector fields to control speed and direction of the robot. This new strategy was compared with existing PID method experimentally and it proved to be more effective in terms of behaviour and time-response. Calibration parameters used in PID control are in this case unnecessary. The experiments were carried out in robot Middle Size League football players built for RoboCup. Target pursuit, namely, ball, goal or any absolute position, was tested. Results showed high tracking accuracy and rapid response to moving targets. This dynamic control system enables a good balance between fast movements and smooth behaviour.
In the past year, knowledge and innovation management have acquired increasing relevance in organizations. In the last decade, open innovation strategy, and in particular, crowdsourcing innovation model has also gained increasing importance. This model is seen as a new innovation model, capable of accelerating the innovation process. Therefore, it is important to understand how organizations can best take advantage of this innovation model. This paper approaches in two ways for commercializing intellectual property: crowdsourcing innovation, and intellectual property marketplaces. Thus, with the intention of understanding the concepts and practices, the study started by collecting scientific articles through bibliographic data bases. The paper provides knowledge about concepts and practices underlying the ways for commercializing intellectual property. It also contributes with a proposal of architecture for an intellectual property marketplace, based on the analysis of practices about crowdsourcing innovation and intellectual property marketplaces. This architecture is still in a draft stage, but already includes helpful insights for organizations interested in applying the open innovation strategy.
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