RESUMOMetástases de carcinoma mamário podem ocorrer em vários tecidos, porém são incomuns no sistema neural. Objetivou-se relatar um caso de neoplasia mamária primária com metástase no cérebro, cerebelo, pulmão e linfonodo. O animal em questão era uma cadela da raça Shih-Tzu de sete anos de idade, com histórico de neoplasia mamária com recidiva após exérese cirúrgica. O diagnóstico da neoplasia mamária foi carcinoma tubular com êmbolos neoplásicos em vasos linfáticos e metástase em linfonodo. Após a exérese cirúrgica a cadela retornou para atendimento apresentando sintomatologia compatível com síndrome vestibular. Foi realizada a eutanásia e durante a necropsia observou-se massa no lobo caudal do pulmão direito, assim como aderência da dura-máter no osso temporal e occipital, na região do hemisfério cerebral direito e cerebelo, respectivamente. Após retirada do encéfalo e cerebelo verificou-se presença de duas massas localizadas no encéfalo e cerebelo, respectivamente. A massa localizada no encéfalo direito adentrava a substância branca, apresentava coloração pardacenta, bordas ligeiramente irregulares, medindo aproximadamente 2,5 cm de diâmetro, em contrapartida, a massa no cerebelo era elevada, brancacenta, de formato irregular, medindo aproximadamente 2,0 cm de diâmetro. Microscopicamente havia áreas multifocais, circunscritas, de proliferação de células epiteliais, formando ácinos, compatíveis com metástase de carcinoma mamário. As metástases pulmonares de carcinoma mamário são comuns, porém infrequentes no sistema neural. No caso em questão os sinais neurológicos apresentados pelo animal foram ocasionados pela metástase de carcinoma mamário reforçando a necessidade de diagnóstico precoce e acompanhamento de cadelas portadoras de tumores de mama, mesmo após a exérese cirúrgica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: canino, disseminação, neoplasia mamária.
Canine distemper is a viral disease that affects several systems on dogs, among them, the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to identify canine distemper virus (CDV) in the sinoatrial node (SAN) of dogs serologically positive for distemper by Polymerase Chain Reaction preceded by reverse transcription (RT-PCR), and to analyze gross and microscopic changes of distemper in the heart and other tissues. SAN and tissue fragments were collected from 17 serologically positive dead animals, necropsied from October 2015 to December 2016. In the heart, right heart dilatation was observed in 13 dogs (76.47%) and left concentric hypertrophy in two dogs (11.76%). Microscopically, lymphocytic myocarditis was observed in four (23.53%) dogs and 41.18% presented viral inclusion corpuscles of CDV in the bladder epithelium. Only one (5.88%) dog presented a 319 bp target fragment for distemper virus using primers CDV 1 and CDV 2 at the sinoatrial node. In conclusion, CDV can be located in the sinoatrial node of naturally infected dogs, as demonstrated in this study by the RT-PCR technique, reinforcing the hypothesis that CDV is capable of causing inflammatory lesions in the sinoatrial node of this species. Macroscopic and microscopic cardiac changes are frequently observed in dogs with distemper, mainly cardiac dilatation and myocarditis. Viral inclusions of CDV in bladder epithelial cells are an important microscopic finding for the diagnosis of distemper.
Introdução: Um questionário é um conjunto de perguntas, que obedecem uma sequência lógica, sobre variáveis e circunstâncias que se deseja medir ou descrever em uma pesquisa científica. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura com o intuito de investigar o uso do questionário como ferramenta metodológica com vistas para suas potencialidades e desafios no âmbito acadêmico. Material e Método: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica no banco de dados Google Acadêmico e na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) do período 2005 a 2023. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos publicados nos idiomas inglês e português; artigos completos e disponíveis na íntegra; abordagem do tema central da pesquisa. Revisão de Literatura: Historicamente, os questionários têm sido a opção predominante para a coleta de informações e nas últimas décadas, tem-se observado uma diminuição nas taxas de resposta e um aumento no desenvolvimento tecnológico e na utilização da internet, o que tem impulsionado o surgimento e a adoção dos questionários online. Considerações Finais: Em relação ao uso de questionário, destaca-se que ele oferece benefícios como maior alcance geográfico, conveniência e automatização e desafios relacionados à taxa de resposta e representatividade da amostra, além de oferecer diferentes opções de acordo com as necessidades da pesquisa.
Canine demodicosis is a common inflammatory parasitic skin disease caused by Demodex mites. House dust mites, such as Dermatophagoides spp., play an important role in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (AD). The goal of this experimental work was to investigate whether demodectic dogs could be previously exposed/sensitized to house dust mites’ antigens. First the prevalence of demodicosis in a southeastern region of Brazil was investigated by analyzing clinical files of dogs that were admitted to a Veterinary Hospital. Subsequently, the IgG responses to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) and Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and IgE to D. pteronyssinus (Dp) were evaluated in two groups, AD or demodicosis dogs. Additionally, the major IgE-binding Dp proteins that are recognized by sera from dogs with demodicosis and AD were evaluated. A total of 2,599 clinical files were analyzed to identify the major parasitic skin diseases in dogs from this region, considering the age, sex and breed of the animals. The epidemiological study identified 111 animals with skin diseases; from these 20.7% presented demodicosis. Afterwards, serum samples were obtained from another groups of demodicosis, AD, and healthy dogs, and analyzed for Dp and Df-specific IgG, and IgE antibody levels, Dp IgG avidity by ELISA and IgE-binding Dp-specific proteins by immunoblot. IgG and IgE antibodies to Dp were detected in sera from additional groups of dogs with AD, demodicosis or healthy, with higher IgE levels to Dp in AD than demodectic or healthy dogs. IgG to Df was detected, despite with smaller levels compared to Dp in sera from demodectic dogs, and also in healthy dogs. Immunoblot showed IgE-binding to Dp proteins in sera of dogs with demodicosis and AD; with strong reactivity for the 72 and 116 kDa antigens detected by sera from demodicosis dogs. However, sera from healthy dogs >12 months old also presented reactivity to these bands. In conclusion, the detection of Dp-IgG and IgE antibodies in sera from demodectic dogs indicates previous exposure and sensitization to the house dust mite, respectively, more than cross-reactivity between demodex mites and Dp antigens detected by canine antibodies. Additionally, higher Dp-specific IgE levels were found in dogs with AD compared with those with demodicosis or healthy, suggesting that Dp-specific IgE could better discriminate dogs with AD from healthy ones or even those with demodicosis.
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