AimsThe combination of daptomycin and ceftaroline used as salvage therapy is associated with higher survival and decreased clinical failure in complicated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections that are resistant to standard MRSA treatment. This study aimed to evaluate dosing regimens for coadministration of daptomycin and ceftaroline in special populations including paediatrics, renally impaired (RI), obese and geriatrics that generate sufficient coverage against daptomycin‐resistant MRSA.MethodsPhysiologically based pharmacokinetic models were developed from pharmacokinetic studies of healthy adults, geriatric, paediatric, obese and RI patients. The predicted profiles were used to evaluate joint probability of target attainment (PTA), as well as tissue‐to‐plasma ratios.ResultsThe adult dosing regimens of 6 mg/kg every (q)24h or q48h daptomycin and 300–600 mg q12h ceftaroline fosamil by RI categories achieved ≥90% joint PTA when the minimum inhibitory concentrations in the combination are at or below 1 and 4 μg/mL against MRSA. In paediatrics, wherein there is no recommended daptomycin dosing regimen for S. aureus bacteraemia, ≥90% joint PTA is achieved when the minimum inhibitory concentrations in the combination are up to 0.5 and 2 μg/mL for standard paediatric dosing regimens of 7 mg/kg q24h daptomycin and 12 mg/kg q8h ceftaroline fosamil. Model predicted tissue‐to‐plasma ratios of 0.3 and 0.7 in the skin and lung, respectively, for ceftaroline and 0.8 in the skin for daptomycin.ConclusionOur work illustrates how physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling can inform appropriate dosing of adult and paediatric patients and thereby enable prediction of target attainment in the patients during multitherapies.

This work implements comparative analysis to examine the regulations for the production and control of blood products on the pharmaceutical sectors of Brazil, MERCOSUL, European Community and the United States. From this perspective, an alternative to the Brazilian regulation was suggested by reviewing and amending the current Brazilian legislation to address shortcomings. In addition, a monograph sketch for blood products was proposed. As a research method, an active search on the websites of each regulatory agency was conducted using keywords on their respective mother language and some combinations between them. These are the main points on Brazilian's regulation that need to be evaluated and revised to broaden and improve it: the removal of detailed descriptions of production and control of the standard, as well as its evaluation criteria, because it could become an obstacle to the development of new technologies; the harmonization of information relating to testing for finished product and its specifications in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia; the definition of classification of plasma to manufacture blood products; the evaluation of testing applicability in vivo; the border entry points in Brazil for blood products medications can be defined in specific legislation by the responsible sector at ANVISA; the official compilation of regulation changes so it can be available to the regulated sector, preventing misunderstandings and misconceptions the establishment of guidelines.

Background: Cancer is a disease characterized by the abnormal multiplication of cells and is the second leading cause of death in the world. The search for new effective and safe anticancer compounds is ongoing due to factors such as low selectivity, high toxicity, and multidrug resistance. Thus, heterocyclic compounds derived from isatin, thiazole and phthalimide that have achieved promising in vitro anticancer activity have been tested in vivo and in clinical trials. Objective: This review focused on the compilation of promising data from thiazole, isatin, and phthalimide derivatives, reported in the literature between 2015 and 2022, with in vivo anticancer activity and clinical trials. Method: A bibliographic search was carried out in the PUBMED, MEDLINE, ELSEVIER, and CAPES PERIODIC databases, selecting relevant works for each pharmacophoric group with in vivo antitumor activity in the last 6 years. Results: In our study, 68 articles that fit the scope were selected and critically analyzed. These articles were organized considering the type of antitumor activity and their year of publication. Some compounds reported here demonstrated potent antitumor activity against several tumor types. Conclusion: This review allowed us to highlight works that reported promising structures for the treatment of various cancer types and also demonstrated that the privileged structures thiazole, isatin and phthalimide are important in the design of new syntheses and molecular optimization of compounds with antitumor activity.