In recent decades, sport has become one of the most important social activities in the Western world, showing an important capacity to attract people from different backgrounds. In this sense, basketball clubs do not pursue economic profit maximization, but instead they need to be analyzed according to their capacity of creating both social and economic value. In this regard, social accounting, as a tool that measures social effects, is also applicable to a basketball club.For that end, in this paper we have applied part of a social accounting methodology, the SPOLY Methodology (Retolaza, San-Jose, & Ruíz-Roqueñi, 2015), to two elite basketball clubs of the ACB League (Spanish First Division), in order to make further steps towards the future monetization of social value. For that purpose, in this paper we will identify different outputs and proxy-s corresponding to a range of specific social value variables established in the interviews with the different stakeholders that were identified in a standard stakeholder map for elite basketball clubs (Mendizabal et al., 2020).Subsequently, 13 sports management experts, both lecturers and practitioners, have validated the list of specific social value outputs and proxy-s identified. The findings support the application of the SPOLY Methodology in basketball clubs, and the process of adaptation and validation carried out throughout the paper. The results also open a way towards the application of SPOLY Methodology in other top-flight sport organizations.
In line with the Resource-based view, intangibles have become the key resource for generating competitive advantages in a firm. This is particularly significant in the case of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) whose competitive advantage is frequently based on intangible resources. However, there has been little attempt to assess and measure the role of intangible resources in firms' performance, and the motives driving their valuation process. Besides, most of the studies have been carried out in large firms. This article, combining theoretical contributions and empirical evidence, aims to analyze the relationship between the motives, external or internal, driving the valuation process of intangibles and the performance obtained by SMEs. Considering the recognized hypotheses and based on a survey of a representative sample of 369 Spanish SMEs' managers, in addition to the financial data collected from these firms, we explore whether the different motives driving the companies to perform a financial valuation of their intangibles are reflected in the business performance, and conditioned by financial structure and the level of intangibles. Results indicate that SMEs consider important to report intangibles value to external stakeholders as they depict a higher level of borrowing, as well as a higher level of intangibles accounted in the balance sheet. Furthermore, SMEs that consider the financial valuation of their intangibles for internal reasons achieve better performance. The implications of these results and suggestions for future research are dicussed as well.
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