A number of studies have shown that the use of transgenic seed increases productivity, reduces the quantities of pesticide required to protect crops, and cuts down the labour involved in cultivation. Besides saving time, this reduces manpower requirements and the use of farm machinery, and the use of such seed has had an important economic (and environmental) impact on the production of certain crops. These advantages translate into reduced production costs-particularly so for a number of crops whose international market price has fallen steadily over the last ten years. Current Chilean legislation, however, only allows the multiplication of genetically modified plants whose final product is destined for export. The aim of this work was to compare the production costs associated with conventional and transgenic Bt and RR maize, and therefore to highlight the potential economic benefits to Chile of opening the market to genetically modified seed.
Abstract:The development strategies for Chile have been oriented toward a greater commercial openness. Chile and the United States signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) that has triggered controversies between producers directed to the internal market due to the production and export subsidies that this country carries out. This study analyzed the effect of subsidies granted by the United States to wheat (Tritricum aestivum) and corn (Zea mays) growers (Farm Bill 2002). For the study, Technical Standard sheet were drawn up, from which were determined the direct production costs and the gross margins. The variables used (market prices, subsidies, freight costs and tariffs) and determining the average variable costs allowed us to do a sensitivity analysis, thus establishing the minimum level of production that national farmers must achieve in order to maintain competitiveness while a free trade is in force. The signing of a trade agreement could provoke the eventual withdrawal of many Chilean producers from the business arena while at the same time, favoring consumers with lower prices for the goods derived from these grains.
Contratação de obra pública sem concorrência.- Lesividade presumida a ser apurada em liquidação por artigos.- Voto vencido.- Ainda se concretizada a lesividade à moralidade administrativa, não se presume a lesividade ao patrimônio público. Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo
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