The object of this article is to describe and analyze the strategies landowners used against mobilized workers in south-central Chile during the agrarian reform. Key aspects analyzed in the development of landowner strategies include the traditional composition of the rural world, the changes occurring in the socio-political panorama over time, as well as workers’ unions and landowner organizations. Along with the potential for violence, unusual actions included patron organization unity, a propositional discourse opposing agrarian reform, a search for agreements with the peasant movement, and the establishment of an alliance with higher-level legal and tenant resources. A review of bibliographic, documentary and archival sources offers greater understanding of the reformist period. It has traditionally been conceptualized through a historiographic narrative of interclass struggles and political and labor confrontation, but here incorporates variables that include negotiation, coalitions and modernization.
In this article, we contextualise, describe and analyse the last attempt at land reform in Spain—the one passed by the Autonomous Parliament of Andalusia in 1984. The Andalusians had passed their Statute of Autonomy by referendum in 1981, incorporating the mandate to carry out an agrarian reform that would boost the rural economy, generate employment and balance the agricultural structure of this region in Southern Spain, peripheral to both national and European centres of power. The Andalusian socialist government complied with this mandate, pushing the agrarian reform law through and applying a package of reform measures, which met with resistance from landowners and conservative political forces from the outset. Political, economic, legal and administrative obstacles swiftly discouraged the Andalusian socialists from persevering in the endeavour, and at the beginning of the nineties, its dismantling began. Finally, in 2011 the end of the agrarian reform was declared, and with it, the waiver of the right to consider alternative models to the liberal management of the agricultural sector. Archives and newspaper libraries, as well as administrative and legal sources, have been consulted, and the information has been examined using content analysis and cross-checked and triangulated with the specialised literature. This article hails a breakthrough in the understanding of the socio-territorial scopes of an agrarian reform little studied to date.
Resumen: Los diarios de viaje de Francisco Echaurren (1852-1857) son los más antiguos que se conservan hoy de un viajero chileno alrededor del mundo. Para profundizar en los mismos, exponemos el perfi l social y político del autor, la estructura y estilo literario de los diarios, y los vínculos entre la autoría y la representación de otredades como las élites locales, los criados y los guías. Escritos para recordar el viaje y no para ser publicados, los cuadernos se caracterizan por la franqueza de su intimidad. Concluimos subrayando la presencia en los textos de valores modernos de predilección por la aventura, el exotismo y el protagonismo del sujeto, así como de estrategias escriturales que marcan un clasismo constante en la construcción del otro.Palabras clave: Francisco Echaurren, Chile, diarios de viaje, élite, siglo XIX.Abstract: Francisco Echaurren's diaries from his voyage around the world (1852-1857) are the oldest extant example of this genre from a Chilean traveler. In order to deepen our understanding of this work, we explore the social and political profi le of the author, the diaries' structure and literary style, and the links between authorship and the representation of otherness through Echaurren's descriptions of local elites,
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