High environmental temperatures cause heat stress in ewes, resulting in thermoregulatory problems. In this study, the thermoregulatory responses of Blackbelly adult ewes (G1, n = 14) and female lambs (G2, n = 7), during the summer under tropical conditions, in southern Mexico were analyzed. Different physiological variables and skin temperatures (ST) of the ewes were recorded. Breathing frequency (BF) values were similar between groups at 116.73 ± 33.598 bpm (G1) and 113.661 ± 34.515 bpm (G2) (p > 0.05). In the case of skin elasticity (SE), there were no significant differences between the time of day and the age of the ewes (p > 0.05). Significant differences were observed between groups for BF, rectal temperature (RT), and heart rate (HR) values (p < 0.05). All ST values, for both groups, were significantly higher during the afternoon (p < 0.001). In general, all Blackbelly adult ewes and female lambs during the summer present severe heat stress conditions as a result of an increase in physiological constants and ST. It is concluded that all ewes thermoregulate body temperature by modifying different physiological variables to counteract the effect of heat stress.
To evaluate the use of equine follicular fluid (EFF) in a single-reduced dose on the synchronisation of oestrus in Boer )Nubian goats, the following experimental treatments were applied: Goats in group T1 (FGA, n010) were synchronised in oestrus by intravaginal sponges impregnated with 45 mg FGA (Chronogest-MSD) for 12 days; group T2 (T2, FGA ' eCG, n 016) goats were synchronised as in T1, plus 400 IU eCG, 48 h before sponge withdrawal; T3 goats (FGA 'PGF 2 a, n 011) received the sponge as T1 plus an i.m. dose of PGF 2 a (1 ml, Prosolvin-MSD) 48 h before sponge withdrawal; T4 (FGA 'EFF, n 019) animals received the sponge as T1 plus 2 ml EFF at sponge withdrawal and finally, group T5 (FGA ' PGF 2 a 'EFF, n 010) was like T3 plus 2 ml EFF at sponge withdrawal. Presentation: onset and duration of oestrus were recorded, and fertility, prolificacy and fecundity were calculated. All females showed oestrus. The onset of oestrus was different (P B0.01), T4 and T5 goats showing a delay (50.594.9 and 48.292.0 h for T4 and T5 groups, respectively). Litter size (2.1090.11 kids/ kidding) and fecundity (1.9090.23 kids/goat) were higher (PB0.01) in T5 goats compared to T1 and T4, with no differences with T2 and T3. The combination of EFF with FGA and PGF 2 a in goats produces a delayed onset of oestrus and improves prolificacy and fertility in comparison with the use of FGA and EFF.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the intensity of the annual sexual behavior (SB) of Boer bucks under tropical conditions in southern Mexico. For one year, 16 extensively grazing males were evaluated for SB individually with estrogenized goats. From the beginning of the experiment and every 30 days, body weight (BW), body condition (BC), testicular circumference (TC), odor intensity (OI) and SB (nudging, ano-genital sniffing, flehmen, mounting attempts, mounts with intromission, and self-urination) were recorded. The bucks showed a more intense SB during the months of November to May than during the months of June to October (p < 0.05). Greater frequency was found for nudging, ano-genital sniffing, mounting attempts, and self-urination in the months of November to May (p < 0.001). BW was lower during the months of January to August than in the months of September to December (p < 0.05). On the other hand, TC increased from October to December (p < 0.05). Similarly, the OI in males varied over time (time effect; p < 0.001). In fact, an increased odor was found from October to December. The conclusions were that breed male goats from the tropics of Guerrero have a more intense SB during the months of November to May, which corresponds to the time of the year when forage availability is the greatest.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the intensity of the annual sexual behavior (SB) of Boer bucks under tropical conditions in southern Mexico. For one year, 16 extensively grazing males were evaluated for SB individually with estrogenized goats. From the beginning of the experiment and every 30 days, body weight (BW), body condition (BC), testicular circumference (TC), odor intensity (OI), and SB (nudging, ano-genital sniffing, flehmen, mounting attempts, mounts with intromission, and self-urination) were recorded. The bucks showed more intense SB during the months of November to May than during the months of June to October (p < 0.05). Greater frequencies were found for nudging, ano-genital sniffing, mounting attempts, and self-urination in the months of November to May (p < 0.001). BW was lower during the months of January to August than in the months of September to December (p < 0.05). On the other hand, TC increased from October to December (p < 0.05). Similarly, the OI in males varied over time (time effect; p < 0.001). In fact, an increased odor was found from October to December. The conclusions are that breed male goats from the tropics of Guerrero have a more intense SB during the months of November to May, but TC, OI, BW, and BC correspond to the time of the year when forage availability is the greatest.
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