RESULTS:A total of 374 patients having undergone 406 operations was identified. Their ages varied from 14 to 94 years (mean = 57.4 years), with 255 men (68.2%), and 295 out 366 Caucasian (80.6%). A majority had tumors of the tongue and/ or floor of mouth (55.6%), while 20.3% had lip cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma was found in 90.3%, and glandular carcinoma in 4%. T4 tumors in 39.6%, Tis or T1 lesions in 15.2% of all patients. Nearly 62% had no regional metastases, and the relative incidence in young patients (40 years or younger) reached 8.6%. CONCLUSION: In spite of the predominance of locally advanced tumors, a majority of patients had no neck metastases. The 31.8% incidence in females indicates an increasing incidence of oral cavity cancer among women when compared to previous periods at the same institution.
KEYWORDS: Head and neck neoplasms. Mouth neoplasms. Neoplasm metastasis. Population at risk. Epidemiology.Cancer of the oral cavity represents 2.6% of all malignancies affecting the Brazilian population according an estimate from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCa) for 2003. Oral cancer is the eighth most common cancer in Brazil and occupies the sixth place when only men are considered. Regarding mortality, a total of 2.8% of deaths by cancer was due to malignancies in the mouth, which places oral cancer in the ninth place for mortality among all malignant tumors.
PHYGROW, a hydrologic-based forage simulation model, was parameterized to represent a typical South Texas ranch engaged in the production of cattle and meat goats with an indigenous population of white-tailed deer. Forage production and associated stocking rates for two cattle:goat ratios were simulated with POPMIX for 20 years. Two ten-year weather scenarios, one representing normal conditions (30% drought years) and one representing dryer weather conditions (50% drought years) were analyzed. Management decision rules (ASPC) were developed for the region to produce estimates of annual animal production and operating costs for the enterprises on each of the four scenarios. These performance and cost data were then used as input into FLIPSIM, a firm level income and policy simulator, along with relevant product and input price data for the region. Integration of modeled results produced useful information showing the socioeconomic consequences for a typical South Texas firm impacted by alternative climatic conditions and management strategies.
The study of livestock in farming systems research presents several challenges. Factors such as the small number of observations, high statistical variability in measurements, and the difficulty in valuing non-market inputs and outputs make it difficult to evaluate on-farm research. Regular Research Field Hearings (RRFH) can improve communication between scientists and farmers, thereby increasing mutual understanding, willingness to collaborate in evaluation, potential technologies, and also improving test results. Of three groups of sheep and goat farmers involved in on-farm testing in northeast Brazil, the group which participated in RRFH experienced a significantly higher level of success with the technology as measured according to performance criteria such as weight gains and farmers' perceptions of their animals' performance. The results confirm the importance of farmers' participation in agricultural research.Greg Baker, Hendrik C. Knipscheer y Jose de Souza Neto: El impacto de reuniones regulares de investigation en el campo (RRFH) en ensayos realizados en la granja en el nordeste del Brasil R E S U M E N £1 estudio del ganado en la investigation de sistemas agropecuarios presenta varios desafi'os. Factores tales como el numero reducido de observaciones, la alta variabilidad estadi'stica de las medidas, y la dificultad de evaluar insumos y production no comerciales hacen difi'cil la evaluation de la investigacion en la granja. Las RRFH pueden mejorar la comunicacion entre cientificos y agricultores, aumentando asi el entendimiento mutuo, la voluntad de colaborar en la evaluation, posibles tecnologi'as, y tambien mejorando los resultados de pruebas. De tres grupos de ganaderos ovinos y caprinos que tomaron parte en ensayos en la granja en el nordeste del Brasil, el grupo que participo en RRFH experimento un nivel significativamente mas elevado de exito con la tecnologi'a, medida segun criterios de rendimiento tales como aumentos de peso y la perception por parte de los agricultores del rendimiento de sus animates. Los resultados confirman la importancia de la participation del agricultor en la investigacion agricola.
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