Post renal transplant anemia (PTA) occurs in one out of every four patients and, by itself, increases mortality by six times at 10 years. The risk factors associated with its presence, during the first year, have been reported in some investigations with populations, generally different from Latin America. Therefore, a retrospective, longitudinal study was carried out that included 1,438 kidney transplant patients over six years in two public Medical Centers in Mexico. There were 39 deaths (2.7%) and 44 graft losses (3.1%) before one year of follow-up, who left the study. In the 1,355 cases that continued, a prevalence of anemia of 15.5% (n = 210) was found at 12 months. In the bivariate analysis with the PTA at one year, the cadaveric origin of the graft resulted in an OR of 2.24, 95% CI (1.65-3.05) and for creatinine (Cr)> 2.0mg / dL at 6 months, OR of 4.18, 95% CI (2.66-6.56). With Cr> 2.0mg / dL; At 12 months, an OR of 5.55 was obtained, 95% ). Height, baseline Cr, as well as female sex, had a statistically significant relationship with the outcome. In the multivariate model performed, the cadaveric donor, the female sex, and the Cr> 2.0mg / dL at 6 and 12 months predicted anemia at one year. It is concluded that Cr> 2.0 mg / dL, the female sex and the cadaveric graft are the main risk factors for anemia, one year after kidney transplantation.
