We suggest rTMS on the lDLPFC could be enough to provide a clinical response, and the underlying mechanisms should be studied.
Novelty-seeking temperament is defined as the reaction to novel or risk situations and objects, and by the global disposition to explore such stimuli. Our purpose was to describe and compare this trait in primates. For this purpose, a risk-taking Index, a curiosity index, and a novelty-seeking index were correlated to several biosocial variables using 22 captive stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides) and 7 captive spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). Spider monkeys scored higher than macaques, males of both species scored higher than females, and dominant macaques were evaluated as more novelty seekers. We suggest that these differences may be because of, among other reasons, the particular social system of each species.
BrackgroundCurrent treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have a limited clinical response and methods, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), are being studied as possible treatments for the clinical symptoms with positive results. However, there is still seldom information on the type of rTMS protocols that deliver the best clinical improvement in AD.ObjetiveTo compare the clinical response between a simple stimulation protocol on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) against a complex protocol using six regions of interest.Methods19 participants were randomized to receive any of the protocols. The analysis of repeated measures evaluated the change.ResultsBoth protocols were equally proficient at improving cognitive function, behavior and functionality after 3 weeks of treatment, and the effects were maintained for 4 weeks more without treatment.ConclusionWe suggest rTMS on the lDLPFC could be enough to provide a clinical response, and the underlying mechanisms should be studied.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine if the problem-solving therapy (PST) helps control metabolic variables in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who show depressive and anxiety symptoms. Background: T2DM is a chronic-degenerative multifactorial disease. It is considered one of the main public health problems in the world, and it represents an important social and economic burden. It is frequently associated with major depression and anxiety disorders, which are related with high glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) concentrations and poor metabolic control. Method: We initially included 123 patients diagnosed with T2DM from five primary care centers (PCC) in Mexico City. HbA 1c , central glucose, and lipid profile were measured in each patient. In addition, the Kessler psychological distress scale (K-10), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were applied at the beginning and, to those who continued, at the end of the PST, as well as four months later. Findings: In total, 36 patients completed the PST and the follow-up. There was a significant decrease in depressive and anxiety symptoms (P < 0.001), as well as in total cholesterol (P = 0.002), HbA 1c (P = 0.05), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = 0.022). The PST helps reduce depressive and anxiety symptoms and may help stabilize glucose and cholesterol up to four months. Further studies on this area are recommended. If our findings are confirmed, the PST could help improve the quality of life of thousands of individuals with psychiatric-metabolic co-morbidity who only visit PCC.
Introduccion: El estrés es una condición presente en la formación médica de posgrado; sin embargo, la manera de reaccionar ante los estresores depende de los rasgos particulares de personalidad. Ambos aspectos, así como otras características sociodemográficas y el tipo de especialidad, son factores que intervienen en el desarrollo de sintomatología psiquiátrica en los residentes de diferentes especialidades. Objetivo: Explorar la influencia de la personalidad y los factores sociodemográficos, en la salud mental y la ideación suicida en médicos residentes. Método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlativo. La muestra fue de 981 residentes de 1er y 2o año, de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Se utilizó el Inventario NEO FFI-R (60 ítems) para medir rasgos de personalidad, Symptom Check List 90 R (SCL-90-R) para las variables clínicas, y 3 preguntas sobre ideación suicida. Resultados: El perfil de personalidad para la muestra total fue de bajo neuroticismo y alta diligencia; en el análisis de clusters las especialidades que presentaron mayores porcentajes en el perfil de personalidad en riesgo (19.6%) fueron: urología (38.9%), psiquiatría (34.1%), medicina legal (27.8%), medicina familiar (27.4%), medicina crítica (25.9%) y anestesiología (25.0%). El 20.2% presentó una puntuación ≥T65 en al menos una escala del SCL-90-R; los residentes de cirugía oncológica presentaron la media más alta del Índice Global de Severidad (IGS), seguido de psiquiatría y anestesiología. Sólo un 8.0% fueron casos positivos en las preguntas de ideación suicida. De los 78 casos de psicopatología, el 50.1% pertenece al cluster de perfil en riesgo de psicopatología. Conclusiones: En los residentes que presentaron psicopatología global e ideación suicida predominan los rasgos de personalidad de tipo neurótico. En especialidades consideradas de alto estrés existe un mayor porcentaje de individuos con personalidad neurótica. Los hombres presentanprevalencias mayores globales de psicopatología al igual que los residentes sin pareja.
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