O controle de pragas da videira no Brasil restringe-se basicamente ao uso de inseticidas, devido à inexistência de trabalhos que visem a complementar o manejo de pragas através de controle biológico. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se verificar o efeito de diferentes coberturas vegetais nas entrelinhas de plantio de videira sobre a abundância e diversidade de potenciais inimigos naturais de pragas da videira no município de Caldas, região Sul do Estado de Minas Gerais. Foram testadas sete diferentes coberturas de solo (aveia-preta, aveia-preta e ervilhaca, ervilhaca, cobertura morta, uso de herbicida, capina mecânica e mato roçado). A cobertura vegetal do solo influenciou tanto a diversidade quanto a abundância de inimigos naturais, sendo o consórcio de aveia-preta e ervilhaca, cultivadas simultaneamente, o tratamento que proporcionou maior diversidade e abundância de inimigos naturais. Assim, a cobertura vegetal do solo pode, potencialmente, ser um componente importante em programas de manejo integrado de pragas na cultura da videira.
The methods of grapevine nutritional diagnosis used in Michigan, California, and South Africa were evaluated with the objective to assess and adjust values of these methods for the Brazilian conditions. The study was carried out in 53 vineyards in the Serra Gaucha viticultural région, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, frorn 1995/96 to 1997/98 (25 of these vineyards were Cabemet Sauvignon and 28 Italie Riesling). Ail these vineyards were conducted in the pergola System. Data of yield,°Brix, total titratable acidity, density, and pH of the grape must, the concentration of macro-and micro nutrients in the leaves as well as data from soil analyses were assessed. The yield of each vineyard and the concentration of the minerai nutrients in the tissue were correlated. The lïnal adjustments were made by means of the method of the critical threshold using the NCRIz criterion. The method of California was the less précisé as it neither establishes defined border values for the sufficiency level nor takes some nutrients into account. The method of Michigan needed few adjustments because of its origin; for this it may be considered viable for the nutritional diagnosis, mainly for American cultivars. Out of the three methods, the South African proved to be the most appropriate for diagnosing the nutritional status of the grapevine cultivated in the Serra Gaucha, because it did not need adjustments for most nutrients.Résumé : Les méthodes de diagnostic nutritionnel de la vigne utilisées au Michigan, en Californie et en Afrique du Sud ont été l'objet d'évaluations et d'ajustements des valeurs de ces trois méthodes pour les conditions brési¬ liennes. Le travail a été mené sur 53 vignobles de la région viticole Serra Gaucha, État du Rio Grande do Sul, Brésil, de 1995/96 à 1997/98 (25 de ces vignobles étaient de Cabernet-Sauvignon et 28 de Riesling Italique). Les vignobles étaient conduits dans le système pergola. Les données des variables suivantes ont été considérées : rendement,°Brix, acidité totale, densité et pH du moût, concentrations des macro-et micronutrients dans les feuilles et les analyses de sol. Le rendement de chaque vignoble et les concentrations des nutrients minéraux dans les tissus ont été corrélés. Les derniers ajustements ont été faits par la méthode de seuils critiques en utilisant la critère NCRIz. La méthode de la Californie a été la moins précise parce qu'elle n'établit pas des valeurs limitants définies pour le seuil de suffisance et elle ne prend pas en compte certains minéraux. La méthode du Michigan a nécessité quelques ajus¬ tements en raison de son origine, mais elle doit être utilisée plutôt pour le diagnostic nutritionnel des variétés américaines. Des ces trois méthodes, celle de l'Afrique du Sud a été la plus appropriée pour établir l'état nutrition¬ nel des vignes cultivées dans la région de la Serra Gaucha, parce qu'elle n'a pas nécessité d'ajustements pour la majo¬ rité des nutrients.
1 JOSÉ CARLOS FRÁGUAS 2RESUMO -Onze porta-enxertos e duas cultivares americanas de videira (Vitis spp) foram avaliadas mediante níveis de saturação por Al no solo (Cambissolo Húmico álico), objetivando alcançar a tolerância diferenciada ao Al. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, com seis tratamentos completamente casualizados e quatro repetições, na Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, em Bento Gonçalves, RS, no período de 1987 a 1990. As características avaliadas foram: altura das plantas, comprimento das raízes, peso da matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes e teores de P, K, Ca e Mg em folhas e raízes. Diante dos acréscimos ou aumentos verificados em cada característica (variação %) e por cultivar, foi possível estabelecer a tolerância diferenciada das cultivares. O teor de K na parte aérea não foi afetado pelos níveis de saturação por Al, enquanto os teores de Ca e Mg foram os mais afetados. O teor de P teve um comportamento estável entre os níveis de saturação por Al. As cultivares Isabel e Cunningham apresentaram diferença na tolerância ao Al do solo; a Cunningham teve melhor comportamento. Os porta-enxertos R99, Rupestris du Lot e Kober 5BB, juntamente com Isabel, foram os mais sensíveis ao Al, e P1103, 101-14 e 196-17Cl foram os mais tolerantes.Termos para indexação: Vitis, nutrição mineral, toxidez, tolerância ao alumínio. TOLERANCE TO SOIL ALUMINUM BY GRAPEVINE ROOTSTOCKSABSTRACT -Eleven grapevine rootstocks were evaluated through Al saturation levels in samples of the Cambissol Humic soil, to settle a differentiated tolerance by Al. The work was conducted in greenhouse with six randomized treatments, whose characteristics used were: plant height, root length, dry weight of aerial and root portions, and concentration of P, K, Ca and Mg in the leaves and roots. Through of the increase and/or decrease observed in each characteristic (variation %), it was possible to evaluate a differentiated tolerance of cultivars. The responses of K were not affected by the Al saturation levels. The Ca and Mg were the most affected by Al. P showed a stable behavior in relation to the Al saturation levels. The American cultivars, Cunningham and Isabel, showed difference in the tolerance to the soil Al. The most sensible grapevine rootstocks were R99, Rupestris du Lot and Kober 5BB, as well as Isabel, while P1103, 101-14 and 196-17Cl were the most tolerant to the soil Al.
RESUMONeste trabalho, objetivou-se estudar o mercado de frutas na cidade de Lavras -MG. ABSTRACTThis paper aimed to study the fruit market in Lavras -MG. The data were monthly obtained in supermarkets and convenience stores using a questionary in two steps: the first one was from July/2002 to June/2003 and the second was applied from July/2004 to June/2005. The volume of commercialized fruits, prices, losses, origin and percapta consumption were investigated. The results showed an increment from 318,5 to 377,4 t/month, representing 17% between the first and second phase. Considering the fruits produced in Lavras the variation was from 3,07 to 4,30% . The losses ranged from 23,8 to 27,7 t/month and the percapta consumption from 3,98 to 4,68 Kg/habitant/month.
RESUMOA participação de Lavras na oferta de banana no mercado local é muito pequena, considerando-se que o Brasil é o segundo país maior produtor com 6,6 milhões de toneladas e Minas Gerais é o quarto entre os Estados produtores dessa fruta. Visando a quantificar a participação de Lavras e região na oferta de banana no mercado local, realizou-se esse trabalho em duas A banana 'Maçã' teve uma redução de 125,30 t para 107,47 t, correspondendo a 13,26%, sendo que a oferta dessa cultivar, originada de Lavras, manteve-se em 13,8%. As bananas 'Maçã' e 'Marmelo' apresentaram as menores perdas, 3,56% e 4,78% e as dos tipos 'Prata'e 'Nanicão'as maiores perdas, 9,39% e 10, 75%, respectivamente.Termos para indexação: Comercialização, procedência, perdas, Musa spp. ABSTRACTThe participation of Lavras in the banana production offered to the local commerce is still very low considering that Brazil is the second banana producer of the world, with a production around 6.6 ton/year and per-capita consumption of 24. .56% in the first phase and 14.6% in the second phase had the origin in Lavras. A 6% increase was verified from the first to the second phase. The per capita consumption was kept around 11.8 kg/year. The 'Prata' banana was the most commercialized in Lavras, representing 54.7% and 58.7%, in the first and second phase, respectively. In the first phase, 7.9% was from Lavras region and 18.3%, in the second phase. The amounts of 'Marmelo' banana and of 'Nanicão'-like were 1.91% and 28.40%, respectively. The 'Marmelo' banana produced in Lavras was kept around 84.00% in both phases, while the 'Nanicão'-like was 84.0% and 3.43% in the first and second phase, respectively. The 'Maçã' banana had a reduction of 125.30 to 107.47 ton correspondent to 13.26% and the participation of Lavras in its production was around 13.8%. The 'Maçã' and 'Marmelo' bananas presented the lowest losses, 3.56% and 4.78%, whereas those like 'Prata' and 'Nanicão' showed the highest losses, 9.39% and 10.75%, respectively.
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