Spiral wound gaskets are used worldwide in piping and equipment flanges and can be manufactured in several combinations of materials, in a wide range of dimensions, winding densities and shapes. This paper shows factors like winding density, surface finish and flatness that have major influence in the sealability which are not specified by the current Spiral Wound ASME B16.20 gasket standard.
Spiral wound gaskets are used worldwide in piping and equipment flanges and can be manufactured in several combinations of materials, and in a wide range of dimensions, winding densities and shapes. This paper shows the sealability influence of winding densities, which are not specified by the current Spiral Wound B16.20 gasket standards, including flexible graphite filler thickness, height and number of windings. The effect of the flange rotation is also shown.
This paper studies the seating stress required to assure the sealability in valve stems used in high pressure steam service. A test device that simulates the valve stuffing box and a test protocol are proposed. Actual field tests conducted according to a procedure developed from the laboratory tests are also reported.
Spiral Wound gaskets have been successfully used in ASME B16.5 pipe flanges. However, in the last few years, to increase the reliability and safety, there has been a trend to replace them by graphite faced serrated metal gaskets. These are assumed to be better in terms of relaxation and installation. This paper shows a comparison between these two gasket styles. Relaxation and leak tests were performed using standard studs and flanges to simulate actual field conditions.
This paper introduces a test device and a protocol that simulates a stuffing box to evaluate the packing expansion under different temperatures. This test device enables the measurement of axial forces at the bottom of the stuffing box and at the gland follower, the torque generated upon shaft turning and the influence of the thermal expansion on these measurements. It also enables comparisons between different braiding yarns materials such as e-PTFE, e-PTFE with fillers, Flexible Graphite and others. Test results showing these comparisons and correlations are reported.
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