In this article we studied how community educators' designed for equity in an after school science program. Building from discussions of equity in out-of-school-time (OST) science, this case study offers insight into the role of pedagogy in organizing for dignity and belonging in an after school program. This case study focused on the practices of nine Latinx community educators as they supported science practices in an after school program. Grounded in an understanding of place and the specific cultural, political, and historical densities of life in an agricultural town, the study found that educators created a space of affirmation and care that supported alternative paths to deep engagement in science. The findings add dimensionality to current discourses of equity in OST science and engineering education by examining how historical and political understanding of marginalization informed educators' pedagogical strategies. These strategies include offering: moment-tomoment affirmations of young people's ideas, material and cultural generosity in the Studio, connections to political belonging through science, and extensions from community activities into the after school science inquiries. Together educators created a space of belonging that used science and engineering as entry points for creation, political expression, and intellectual expansion.
Acid–base chemistry tends to be one of the more challenging concepts for students to master in the high school and undergraduate chemistry curriculum. Mastery of acid–base chemistry requires a concrete understanding of acid–base theories, chemical equilibrium, electronegativity, periodic trends, and the ability to conceptualize intricate processes at a molecular level. Because of the complex nature of the topic, a combination of effective teaching methods should be used. This paper presents an intriguing acid–base demonstration coupled with a detective story that was designed to aid instructors in engaging students while promoting a conceptual understanding of acids and bases. The selected compounds, X and Y, bring additional value and mystery to the demonstration. X and Y are types of faujasite zeolites, three-dimensional crystalline compounds with various useful chemical properties. Although zeolites are used widely in technology and in everyday products such as laundry detergents, their use in the general chemistry curriculum is surprisingly low. This demonstration provides instructors with the opportunity to cover this important group of compounds and elaborate on the behavior of solid state acids and bases at the same time. As a bonus, this demonstration can also be used to revisit Le Châtelier’s principle of chemical equilibrium in a novel context.
ResumenLos segmentos de mercado de naturaleza y de sol y playa, han sido el eje de la actividad turística ecuatoriana, ignorándose que el turismo de negocios es el que más crece internacionalmente en la actualidad, lo cual constituye un problema a investigar. El estudio MICE Travel Report 2018, mostró que los viajes MICE a Latinoamérica vienen creciendo notablemente, incluyendo a países sin tradición, como es el caso de Ecuador. Se tuvo en cuenta un procedimiento basado en un modelo para desarrollar un clúster turístico para la ciudad ecuatoriana de Santo Domingo Tsáchilas y los resultados de la aplicación del Método del Open Space, para lo cual se propició un taller sobre las implicaciones del turismo de negocios. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la relevancia del turismo de negocios en la ciudad de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. Se evidenció que en dicha ciudad existe una deficiente planeación, gestión, coordinación y articulación entre las políticas públicas y privadas en materia turística. Se concluye que la ciudad de Santo Domingo cuenta con el potencial necesario para desarrollar el destino de turismo de negocios, pero para ello debe lograr la cohesión entre los sectores público y privado.Palabras clave: Ciudad inteligente; estrategias; marketing; segmento de mercado turístico; turismo de negocios. AbstractThe nature and sun and beach market segments have so far been the axis of Ecuadorian tourism activity, ignoring trends that indicate that business tourism is the fastest growing in recent years. The MICE Travel Report study of 2018, prepared by IBTM Americas, showed that MICE trips to Latin America grew by 56% in the last five years, including countries with no tradition in this segment such as Ecuador. The strategic role of business tourism as a driving force for regional economies in Ecuadorian cities is assessed from the analysis of the case of the city of Santo Domingo de los Tsahalis, a purely commercial city, with an enviable geographical location and natural attractions that could give support for a MICE tourism destination. The present study evaluates the relevance of this segment of the tourism market and the competitive advantages that a destination can achieve by diversifying its offer, focusing its efforts towards meeting tourism.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive tumor of the brain, with an average post-diagnosis survival of 15 months. GBM stem cells (GBMSC) resist the standard-of-care therapy, temozolomide, and are considered a major contributor to tumor resistance. Mammalian target of rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates cell proliferation and has been shown by others to have reduced activity in GBMSC. We recently identified a novel chemical series of human-safe piperazine-based brain-penetrant mTORC1-specific inhibitors. We assayed the piperazine-mTOR binding strength by two biophysical measurements, biolayer interferometry and field-effect biosensing, and these confirmed each other and demonstrated a structure–activity relationship. As mTORC1 is altered in human GBMSC, and as mTORC1 inhibitors have been tested in previous GBM clinical trials, we tested the killing potency of the tightest-binding piperazines and observed that these were potent GBMSC killers. GBMSCs are resistant to the standard-of-care temozolomide therapy, but temozolomide supplemented with tight-binding piperazine meclizine and flunarizine greatly enhanced GBMSC death over temozolomide alone. Lastly, we investigated IDH1-mutated GBMSC mutations that are known to affect mitochondrial and mTORC1 metabolism, and the tight-binding meclizine provoked ‘synthetic lethality’ in IDH1-mutant GBMSCs. In other words, IDH1-mutated GBMSC showed greater sensitivity to the coadministration of temozolomide and meclizine. These data tend to support a novel clinical strategy for GBM, i.e., the co-administration of meclizine or flunarizine as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of GBM and IDH1-mutant GBM.
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