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-This study highlighted the effect of planting coast-cross grass and forage peanut cv. Amarilis between rows of Natal oranges on spreading of Guignardia citricarpa ascospores and consequent citrus black spot control. Treatments evaluated were: 1-conventional cultivation, free of fungicides; 2-conventional cultivation, using protective fungicides; 3-inter-crop cultivation of coast-cross grass between rows of citrus crops and; 4-inter-cropping cultivation of forage peanut between the rows of citrus crops. Quest Volumetric Spore System TM traps were set in order to determine the number of ascospores released. A total of 33 inspections were conducted weekly, from the end of August until early September the following year. A diagrammatic scale was used to determine the severity of the disease as well as the percentage of fruits having a commercial standard. The coast-cross grass was more effective in reducing the number of ascospores produced, whose average statistics were lower than in the conventional treatments, free-fungicides. The intercrop and conventional cultivation method coupled with fungicide treatment was more effective in reducing the severity of citrus black spot symptoms, and differs statistically from the fungicide-free control method. These methods also resulted in a higher percentage of fruits of a commercial standard, ranging from the 89% through the 91% percentile, and the cultivation, free of fungicides, fell within the 73%. Index terms: Citrus sinensis; Cultural control; Phyllosticta citricarpa; Arachys pintoi; Cynodon dactylon EFEITO DE CULTIVOS INTERCALARES NAS ENTRELINHAS DOS CITROS NA LIBERAÇÃO DE ASCÓSPOROS DE Guignardia citricarpa E NA OCORRÊNCIA DA MANCHA PRETA DOS CITROSRESUMO -No presente, foi avaliada a influência do amendoim-forrageiro cv. Amarillis e da gramínea coastcross nas entrelinhas de plantas de laranjeira 'Natal' quanto à produção e liberação de ascósporos de G. citricarpa, e consequente controle da mancha-preta dos frutos cítricos. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: 1-cultivo convencional, sem utilização de fungicidas; 2-cultivo convencional, com utilização de fungicidas; 3-gramínea coastcross, e 4-amendoim forrageiro entre as linhas das plantas. O monitoramento de ascósporos deu-se mediante armadilhas caça-esporos do tipo Quest Volumetric Spore System™. Um total de 33 inspeções foi realizado semanalmente, a partir do final de agosto até início de setembro do ano seguinte. A quantificação da doença deu-se mediante utilização de escala diagramática de notas, sendo também determinada a porcentagem de frutos com padrão comercial. A gramínea coastcross foi o melhor tratamento em reduzir o número de ascósporos liberados, diferindo, estatisticamente, do convencional, porém não dos demais tratamentos. Cultivo intercalar e cultivo convencional associado com aplicações de fungicida foram os mais eficientes quanto à redução da severidade de sintomas da mancha-preta, diferindo do tratamento--testemunha, sem emprego de fungicida. Esses tratamentos foram os que também proporcionara...

In the current study, various treatments were used in the acceleration of decomposition in Sicilian lemon leaves as an auxiliary measure to control citrus black spot. The treatments tested were: 1) urea (12.5 g/L); 2) calcium nitrate (12.5 g/L); 3) dolomitic limestone (2 t/ha); 4) Embiotic® (commercial composting accelerator -1% of the activated product); 5) Soil-Set® + Compostaid® (0.75 mL/L + 0.75 g/L; and 6) control. Treatments 1, 2, 4, and 5 were applied in solution under the plant's crowns (800 L/ha), while dolomitic limestone was applied to only one side of the plant using a drop spreader. The most efficient treatment in reducing leaf weight was with urea, calcium nitrate and Soil-Set® + Compostaid®. In relation to cellulose, Embiotic® and Soil-Set® + Compostaid® reduced the same content showing a high efficiency in the decomposition rate of the lemon leaves. As for the dehydrogenase activity, there was an increase in the first and second evaluations, followed by a reduction in the second and third observations, amounting to 9.90% for dolomitic limestone, and 72.41% for the control. The results showed the viability of accelerating decomposition of citrus leaves fallen on the soil as a supplementary control measure for Guignardia citricarpa. Keywords: Guignardia citricarpa, Phyllosticta citricarpa, Citrus limo, Cultural control. RESUMO Aceleração da decomposição de folhas de limoeiro 'Siciliano' como medida auxiliar no controle da mancha preta dos frutos cítricosNesse estudo foram avaliados tratamentos quanto à aceleração da decomposição de folhas de limoeiro `Siciliano`, como medida auxiliar no controle da mancha preta dos citros. Os tratamentos testados foram: 1) uréia (12,5 g/L); 2) nitrato de cálcio (12,5 g/L); 3) calcário dolomítico (2 t/ha); 4) Embiotic® (acelerador de compostagem -1% do produto ativado); 5) Soil-Set® + Compostaid® (0,75 mL/L + 0,75 g/L) e 6) Testemunha. Os tratamentos 1, 2, 4 e 5 foram aplicados em solução sob a copa das plantas (800 L/ha), enquanto o calcário o foi com um distribuidor, direcionando o produto para um lado da planta. Os tratamentos mais eficientes na redução do peso das folhas foram uréia, nitrato de cálcio e Soil-Set® + Compostaid®. Quanto à cellulose, Embiotic® e Soil-Set® + Compostaid® reduziram o conteúdo da mesma, mostrando alta eficiência na taxa de decomposição das folhas. Quanto à atividade da dehydrogenase, houve aumento da mesma entre a primeira e segunda avaliações, seguido de redução entre a segunda e terceira avaliações, sendo essas entre 9,90%, no caso do calcário dolomítico e 72,41%, na testemunha. Os resultados demonstraram viabilidade da aceleração da decomposição das folhas cítricas caídas no solo como medida suplementar ao controle de Guignardia citricarpa.

RESUMO -A queda prematura dos frutos cítricos (QPFC), causada por Colletotrichum acutatum, dados os grandes prejuízos que têm causado aos produtores, constitui-se numa doença de grande importância econômica. O controle da doença é feito predominantemente mediante uso de fungicidas, que eleva o custo de produção e afeta negativamente o meio ambiente. Diante disso, este trabalho teve por objetivo buscar um método alternativo de controle da QPFC, mediante o uso de agentes de biocontrole ou de biofertilizantes. ALTERNATIVE CONTROL OF Colletotrichum acutatum, CAUSAL AGENT OF POSTBLOOM FRUIT DROP OF CITRUSABSTRACT -Postbloom Fruit Drop of Citrus (PDF), caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, has caused losses to citrus producers and therefore it is economically very important. This disease is generally controlled by fungicide sprayings, which increase the production cost, and affects the environment. Thus, this work aimed at developing an alternative control method through the use of biocontrol agents, or biofertilizers. Different concentrations of biofertilizers (from two distinct sources and named Bio1 and Bio2), three strains of Bacillus subitlis (BCA-69, 72 and 77) and three isolates of Trichoderma spp. (BCA-14, 37 and 39) were tested, in vitro, alone or in combination, for the inhibitory capacity of conidia germination of C. acutatum. It was studied the production of thermo-stable metabolites by B. subtilis and their effect on the germination of C. acutatum conidia. Under in vivo conditions, 15 isolates of B. subtilis were tested for the ability to prevent C. acutatum infection on 'Tahiti' lime detached fl owers and in the fi eld, where two experiments were installed, for testing the BCA and biofertilizers in the control of the disease. It was found that the isolate BCA-72 (B. subtilis) and BCA-37 (T. pseudokoningii) were the most effi cient in inhibiting conidia germination. BCA-69 and BCA-77 were the most effective in producing anti-fungal substances, and in quantities suffi cient to inhibit the germination of C. acutatum. The mixture of four strains of Bacillus (BCA: 69, 72, 77 and AP3) presented the highest percentage of inhibition (73%). Regarding the use of biofertilizers (Bio1 and Bio2), it was observed that concentrations above 10% of the product, when combined with the strains of Trichoderma spp. decreased the pathogen germination. The experiments with detached fl owers showed that the fl owers where the BCA: 69, 76, 74 and 77 were applied presented 83, 92, 92 and 97% respectively, of the petals without symptoms of infection by C. acutatum. Field tests showed the potential of B. subtilis and biofertilizers in controlling the disease.