Extensivo prior research has indicated thai sexual assault is highly prevaLent among American colloge students. The purpose of thi.. study was te assess Spanish students' altitudes about forced sex and actual experiences with male-a~ainst-feniale sexual aggression (SA) al a major university campus. A date-rapo story was prosented whereupon grudenis (¡Y = 4l2) indicated the extent te which they íhuughí forced sex was accopíable or unacceptable in ten hypothetical situations (Giarusso. Johnson, (ioodchilds, & Zelíman, 1979). A second secíjon examined whether a female nr maJe Spanish siudení had experienced or engaged in a broad range of coereive sexual activities (Kuss & Oros, 1982). A third sectioi, elicited help-seeking behavior in those cases where a female student had experionced unwanted sexual aeíivily (Ogletreo. 1993). It was hypoíhesized thai síudcnts wuuld differ in their acceptance of forced sex as a function of sex, branch and year uf study. and actual experienco with SA. Results showed thai acceptanee of torced sex was significantly relaled tu sex, year uf study and experience with SA. Resulis also revealed thai 17.5% of alí male students (e z 189) acoepíed forced sex and 33.2% of alí female students (n = 223) had experiencod sorne form of unwanted sexual activity; 7.7% of ihe women had experienced akernpted or cumpleted rape. Only 39% of Ihose women victimized sought any form nf help. The mplicaíions uf ihese findings for rape-prevention progratns aro discussed. Tal y como han mostrado investigaciones previas, la agresión sexual es muy común entre los estudiantes universitarios estadounidenses. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar tanto las actitudes de los estudiantes españoles hacia el sexo torzado como las experiencias reales de agresión sexual
Este trabajo pretende examinar el proceso de vinculación de una persona a un grupo de manipulación psicológica (GMP) o secta coercitiva. Para ello, se aplicó una batería de cuestionarios a 101 españoles auto-identificados como ex-miembros de diversos GMP, a 38 ex-miembros de grupos no manipulativos y a 24 personas que simularon haber sido miembros de GMP. Los resultados mostraron que en la mayoría de los casos la involucración fue surgiendo de forma gradual. Los ex-miembros de GMP juzgaron las prácticas manipuladoras de los grupos y su propia búsqueda de ideales y desarrollo personal como factores más determinantes en su vinculación. Informaron también de la ocurrencia de otras prácticas de abuso psicológico en sus antiguos grupos. No se encontró evidencia de que la información proporcionada por los ex-miembros de GMP pudiera explicarse por factores de deseabilidad, alteración o falta de sinceridad, valorados a través del MCMI-II.
La adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral es un factor a considerar en el control del VIH/SIDA. El presente estudio longitudinal tiene como objetivo la exploración de la relación existente entre la adhesión al régimen de tratamiento VIH/SIDA y las variables autoeficacia, esfuerzo y expectativas de control en una muestra de población drogodependiente en programa de metadona. A través de un cuestionario y con un intervalo anual se estudió la evolución de 100 pacientes VIH+. Los participantes se clasificaron en cuatro grupos: adherentes, no adherentes, los que abandonan o inician el tratamiento, según intervalos temporales en los que se recogió la información (día, semana, mes anterior). Se analizaron las relaciones que presentaban con las variables estudiadas encontrándose diferencias en las mismas entre los cuatro grupos. La autoeficacia, el esfuerzo y las expectativas de control se asociaron al inicio, al mantenimiento, a la no adhesión y al abandono del régimen de tratamiento. Abstract The adherence to treatment regimens to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies (HAART) is the problem for the success of the viral infection. In this longitudinal study was to explore the relationship of IDUs between adherence to HAART by self-efficacy, effort and control expectancy a sample of 100 HIV+ patients on a methadone maintenance program in Madrid (Spain). They were elicited using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and they were followed for one year. We have split up the sample with the rigourous adhesion criteria (>85% pill intake) and we were been a analysed the relation the adherence to HAART over time with these variables. We describe the following 4 research team: the patients was continued, was refused, was started and the patients was the treatment failure. The results considering that detected significant relations between these variables and the adherence to HAART in the start, continuation, refuse and to medical treatment failure.
Nowadays, HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies) is the standard treatment for HIV infection, and adherence or compliance with it is one of the successful factors in reducing viral load. The lack of adherence to the treatment is present to a large extent in the patient population with a history of drug use. This is why an understanding of the associated factors could be of great importance in improving interventions in this field. In this work, the relationship between adherence to HAART and drug use was studied with a sample of 100 HIV-positive patients undergoing a methadone maintenance programme in Madrid (Spain). The sample was divided into adherents and nonadherents, in accordance with medication intake (day, week and previous month) and the degree of compliance (high and low). We then proceeded to analyse the presented differences in drug use. The results indicate that our sample presents adherence levels similar to other populations with chronic diseases and that taking drugs has a statistically significant association with noncompliance with HAART. When use indicators are employed in classifying subjects as adherents or non-adherents, we find that the multidrug use of heroin, cocaine and tranquillizers appears as the principal predictor of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy.
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