No abstract

Ciliary changes persisted for up to 168 hours after ototoxic sodium salicylate administration.

Amifostine is an effective cytoprotective substance in the Organ of Corti of irradiated guinea pigs.

No abstract

Auditory conditioning consists of the pre-exposure to low levels of a potential harmful agent to protect against a subsequent harmful presentation. The agent that was first tested was noise. This paradigm was more recently successfully tested with other agents. Nonetheless, the vast majority of the studies utilize the same agent to condition and to cause the trauma. The aim of this study was to verify whether conditioning with an agent different from the agent used to cause the trauma can also be effective. Thus, the following groups were organized: group Cont, which is the noise trauma control group, was exposed to 110-dB broadband noise centered at 4 kHz for 72 h; group Gent, which is the gentamicin conditioning control group, was administered 30 mg/kg of gentamicin daily for 30 consecutive days; and group Expt was conditioned with gentamicin similarly to group Gent and then subjected to a noise trauma similarly to group Cont. The animals were functionally and morphologically evaluated through the measurement of the auditory brainstem response and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The following variables were investigated: outer hair cell injury and auditory threshold shift. The group that was conditioned with the drug exhibited significantly less outer hair cell damage, 10.8 and 22.9%, respectively (p = 0.0146), although did not maintain the proper functioning of the auditory system. We, therefore, conclude that conditioning with a different agent from that used to cause the trauma is effective, which suggests that both agents that were used promote similar mechanisms of self-protection.

Conditioning with 85 dB broadband noises, 30 min a day for ten consecutive days does not protect against an ototoxic gentamicin administration of 160 mg/kg/day for ten consecutive days in the guinea pig.

RESUMO: Nesta revisão dirigida ao graduando em Medicina e ao médico não especialista, apresentou-se os principais elementos semiológicos das fossas nasais, seios paranasais, laringe, faringe e ouvidos. UNITERMOS:Otorrinolaringologia. Diagnóstico Otorrinolaringológico.Medicina, Ribeirão Preto, Simpósio: SEMIOLOGIA ESPECIALIZADA 29: 61-66, jan./mar. 1996 Capítulo VI A propedêutica otorrinolaringológica deve ser realizada por partes: a das fossas nasais e seios paranasais, a da faringe, a da laringe e a dos ouvidos. A seguir, descreveremos cada uma delas. -FOSSAS NASAIS E SEIOS PARANASAISOs exames mais simples e, comumente, utilizados para a inspeção das fossas nasais são as rinoscopias anterior e posterior, auxiliados pelo sistema de iluminação indireta, o espelho frontal ou iluminação direta, o fotóforo. -Rinoscopia anteriorInicialmente é feita uma inspeção simples da pirâmide nasal, narinas e vestíbulo, cuja finalidade é a procura de desvios da linha média, sinais inflamatórios externos, luxações do subsepto, deformidades da porção do septo nasal. A palpação, em seguida, pode detectar pontos dolorosos. Com o espéculo nasal, o examinador afasta a asa do nariz para ter visão do interior da fossa nasal, e as válvulas do espéculo são introduzidas no vestíbulo (Figura 1). Esse exame deve ser feito em duas posições. 61Figura 1 -Rinoscopia anteior. Note-se a posição de colocar e manter o espéculo.