Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polyesters produced and accumulated in prokaryotes as carbon and energy storage materials. These polymers can be used to produce biodegradable plastics. Actually, the industrial production of PHAs for the manufacture of biodegradable plastics has a high production cost due to the use of expensive carbon substrates. An alternative to reduce these costs is the use of wastes from renewable resources. Coconut biomass, which is the most abundant agroindustrial waste in the state of Guerrero, Mexico, has a promising potential as a primary or secondary feedstock for PHAs production. In this research, it is identified and evaluated the PHAs producing bacteria isolated from soil where Cocos nucifera waste and fiber in decomposition are accumulated. It was found six bacteria capable of producing PHAs in different concentrations (0.06 to 0.422 g/L). These strains belong to the genus Staphylococcus and Bacillus. The production of PHAs of Bacillus megaterium isolate S15 was characterized, and turned out to be the best PHAs accumulating bacterium. A bank of strains capable of producing polyhydroxyalkanoates was obtained for future studies. 116 RESUMENLos polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA) son poliésteres que se producen y acumulan como materiales de almacenamiento de carbono y energía en procariotas. Sin embargo, éstos pueden emplearse para producir plásticos biodegradables. Actualmente, la producción industrial de PHA para la manufacturación de plásticos biodegradables tiene un alto costo de producción debido al uso de sustratos de carbón caros. Una alternativa para reducir los costos es utilizando residuos como sustratos a partir de recursos renovables. La fibra de coco, que es uno de los residuos agroindustriales más abundantes en el estado de Guerrero, México, tiene un prometedor potencial como materia prima principal o secundaria para la producción de PHA. En esta investigación se identifica y evalúa a bacterias productoras de PHA aisladas de suelo donde residuos de Cocos nucifera se encuentran acumulados y en descomposición. Se aislaron seis cepas capaces de producir PHA en diferentes concentraciones (0.06-0.422 g/L). Se identificaron las cepas, mismas que pertenecen a los géneros de Staphylococcus y Bacillus. Se caracterizó la producción de PHA en Bacillus megaterium S15, la cual fue la mejor cepa para acumular este poliéster. Adicionalmente, se obtuvo un banco de cepas capaces de producir PHA para estudios futuros.
Benzopyrene is a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with highly recalcitrant and develops carcinogenic effects. CsrA is a conserved regulatory protein, which controls the translation and stability of its target transcripts, having negative or positive effects depending on the target mRNAs. It is known that Bacillus licheniformis M2-7 has the ability to grow and survive in concentrations of hydrocarbons as benzopyrene, which prompted in part by CsrA, as it occurs in the presence of gasoline. However, there are a few studies that reveal the genes involved in that process. In order to know the involved genes in the Bacillus licheniformis M2-7 degradation pathway, the plasmid pCAT-sp containing a mutation in the catEgen was constructed and used to transform B. licheniformis M2-7 and generate the CAT1 strain. We determined the capacity of the mutant B. licheniformis(CAT1) to grow in the presence of glucose and benzopyrene as a carbon source. We observed that CAT1 strain presented an increase in growth in the presence of glucose, but a statistically considerable decrease in the presence of benzopyrene with respect to the wild strain M2-7. Also we demonstrated that the Csr system regulates its expression positively since it was observed that the expression of the gene in the mutant strain LYA12 (M2-7 csrA:: Sp, SpR) decreased considerably with respect to the wild strain. This allowed to characterize the metabolic pathway that Bacillus licheniformis M2-7 implements in the presence of benzopyrene.
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