Animals (and their derived products) are essential ingredients in the preparation of many traditional remedies. Despite its prevalence in traditional medical practices worldwide, research on medicinal animals has often been neglected in comparison to medicinal plant research. This work documents the medicinal animals used by a rural community in the semi-arid region, inserted in Caatinga Biome, where 66 respondents provided information on animal species used as medicine, body parts used to prepare the remedies and illnesses to which the remedies were prescribed. We calculated the informant consensus factor to determine the consensus over which species are effective for particular ailments, as well as the species use value to determine the extent of utilization of each species. We recorded the use of 51 animal species as medicines, whose products were recommended for the treatment of 68 illnesses. The informant consensus in the use of many specific remedies is fairly high, giving an additional validity to this folk medicine. Eight species not previously reported as having medicinal use were recorded. The local medicinal fauna is largely based on wild animals, including some endangered species. Given a high proportion of medicinal animals observed in the study area, it is logical to conclude that any conservation strategy should include access to modern health care.
Esse estudo foi realizado em uma comunidade tradicional no semiárido paraibano e registrou as principais espécies animais caçadas, avaliando as implicações conservacionistas desta prática. Um total de 24 entrevistados citou 78 espécies de vertebrados tetrápodes silvestres caçados na região. Esses animais podem ser organizados, de acordo com o uso, em dez categorias diferentes: zooterapia, etnoveterinária, uso cosmético, uso/interação místico-religiosa, criação/domesticação, comércio, uso/interação ornamental, alimentação, lazer/recreação, caça de controle. Com o presente trabalho percebeu-se que a carência de estudos em relação às formas de aproveitamento dos recursos faunísticos constitui uma barreira que diiculta o levantamento das prioridades de conservação e manejo, por impossibilitar um inventário seguro das espécies animais que sofrem maior pressão de uso. Entretanto, mesmo com essa barreira, constatamos seguramente que a interação de aproveitamento e emprego existente entre homem e fauna constitui uma das mais signiicativas formas de aplicação dos recursos naturais nas áreas estudadas.
Since the mankind’s beginnings, birds were associated with humans in a relationship that involveduse, mastery and admiration. Many birds species are kept as pets or as decorations, whether by its visual beauty or fortheir ability to sing. This study was aimed to discover the relations of wild bird usage by locals in rural areas in themunicipality of Fagundes, Paraiba’s semiarid region, looking to identify and characterize the socio-economic, cultural andenvironmental contexts in which such uses occur. The information was obtained through opened interviews and semistructuredquestionnaires given to 56 locals. The interviewees cited 53 differents species of birds used for many purposes,especially for food or as pets. This result reflects the fact that the birds are used for subsistence and are a natural resourceof great importance to the culture and economy of the locals. The most frequently mentioned species by intervieweeswere: ‘rolinha-picui’ (Columbina picui), ‘ribaçã’ (Zenaida auriculata), ‘rolinha-cambuta’ (Columbina minuta), ‘lambu-dopé-roxo’ (Crypturellus tataupa) and ‘galo-de-campina’ (Paroaria dominicana). Among the species cited, one is present inthe list of endangered species: ‘pintassilgo’ (Sporagra yarrellii). Some interviewees also noted that the birds specieswhich were usually captured, are becoming increasingly scarce, suggesting a reduction of the natural populations. Therefore,it is important to understand the context in which the uses of birds occur and socio-cultural factors in order to establishmanagement plans associated with the sustainable use of this resource.
Wild animal hunting is still a recurring practice around the world, being motivated by multiple factors and being directly related to cultural and environmental aspects. Due to the wide range of possible approaches to the subject of hunting, ethnozoology seeks to understand it under an interdisciplinary approach, considering related historical, ethical, social, economic, cultural and environmental aspects. This justifies its importance as a conservation tool. Thus, this article is part of a heuristic investigation and seeks to synthesize the main considerations about hunting and its dynamism.
Diante do cenário ambiental mundial na atualidade, falar de conservação implica, necessariamente, em abarcar todo o conteúdo que envolve essa temática, a exemplo das questões de cunho socioeconômico, histórico e cultural. Sendo assim, o presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir algumas estratégias que vêm sendo postas como recursos úteis aos novos modelos de conservação necessários ante os desafios do século XXI, expondo a importância da inclusão dessas ferramentas (com destaque à etnoconservação e à história ambiental) na identificação de áreas prioritárias para conservação, e no planejamento, implementação e manutenção de áreas protegidas sustentáveis, usando nessa discussão uma abordagem aberta e interdisciplinar acerca da questão.
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