Abstract. The global floating offshore wind energy industry is rapidly maturing, with several technologies having been installed at pilot and demonstration scales. As the industry progresses to full array-scale deployments, the optimization of marine activities related to installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning presents a significant opportunity for cost reduction. This paper reviews the various marine operations challenges towards the commercialization of floating wind in the context of spar-type, semi-submersible and tension leg platform (TLP) technologies. Knowledge gaps and research trends are identified along with a review of innovations at various stages of development, which are intended to widen weather windows, reduce installation costs, and improve the health and safety of floating-wind-related marine operations.
Abstract. The global floating offshore wind energy industry is rapidly maturing with several technologies having been installed at pilot and demonstration scales. As the industry progresses to full array-scale deployments, the optimization of marine activities related to installation, operation \\& maintenance and decommissioning presents a significant opportunity for cost reduction. This paper reviews the various marine operations challenges towards the commercialisation of floating wind in the context of spar-type, semi-submersible and Tension Leg Platform (TLP) technologies. Knowledge gaps and research trends are identified along with a review of innovations at various stages of development which are intended to widen weather windows, reduce installation costs and improve the health and safety of floating wind related marine operations.
As the offshore industry is developing into deeper and deeper waters Dynamic Positioning (DP) techniques are becoming more important to the industry. MARIN’s new multibody time domain simulation program aNySIM is recently extended with a module to simulate DP applications. The model is 6 degrees of freedom and includes a Kalman filter, PID controller and a Lagrange optimized allocation algorithm. Thruster interaction effects are taken into account in the model. The present paper focuses on the methods used in the numerical DP model. A typical case for a DP operated monohull drillship is presented and will be discussed in comparison with model test results.
This paper describes the SPOWTT project. The intention of this project was to understand how sailing by crew transfer vessel (CTVs) to offshore wind farms affects the mental and physical wellbeing of individuals on board. The focus was on quantifying this impact, understanding the key drivers, with an aim to ensuring personnel can arrive to the wind turbines in a fit state to work safely and effectively. Impacts looked at subjective state beyond simply vomiting. Key results include the ability now to predict vessel motions from given Metocean conditions and vessel designs. We also discovered that the impact of vessel motions on seasickness is different for different symptoms and is driven not only by vertical z-axis accelerations but also by certain frequencies of motion in the y-axis. Frequencies other than 0.16 Hz were found to be impactful, and x-axis movements appeared to have a longer-lasting effect on the day's work. Through the formulation of a new, evidence-based understanding of seasickness, we have created an operational planning tool, designed to have a direct benefit on the safety and productivity of offshore wind farm operations.
LNG FPSOs are being developed for production and processing of gas in remote offshore locations. The floating production unit is positioned over the reservoir and replaces the offshore platform, the pipeline to shore, the onshore LNG plant and the jetty. Alternatively, the LNG FPSO can be utilized to liquefy and export the associated gas, produced by one or several production units. Side-by-side offloading and stern-to-bow (tandem) offloading are the main options for the direct transfer of the cryogenic product from the FPSO to the LNG shuttle tanker. For stern-to-bow we can further distinguish between a hawser mooring (passive) or a dynamic positioned shuttle tanker (active). Experience suggests that the side-by-side operation is limited to relative benign metocean conditions, whereas a stern-to-bow arrangement allows for offloading in more severe sea states in which larger maneuverability area and large capacity mooring equipments are required. This paper discusses a first investigation of LNG stern-to-bow offloading with dynamic positioned shuttle tankers, based on a basin model test program. The shuttle tanker was controlled by a full closed loop DP system which is largely identical to real DP systems, including extended Kalman filtering, PID control and thruster allocation. The modeling of the azimuthing thrusters, rudder and main propeller is discussed in the paper, as well as the modeling of the relative position between the two ships. Some results of the model test program are presented.
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