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The primo vascular system has a specific anatomical and immunohistochemical signature that sets it apart from the arteriovenous and lymphatic systems. With immune and endocrine functions, the primo vascular system has been found to play a large role in biological processes, including tissue regeneration, inflammation, and cancer metastases. Although scientifically confirmed in 2002, the original discovery was made in the early 1960s by Bong-Han Kim, a North Korean scientist. It would take nearly 40 years after that discovery for scientists to revisit Kim's research to confirm the early findings. The presence of primo vessels in and around blood and lymph vessels, nerves, viscera, and fascia, as well as in the brain and spinal cord, reveals a common link that could potentially open novel possibilities of integration with cranial, lymphatic, visceral, and fascial approaches in manual medicine.

When the most used questionnaires for QoL assessment in patients with CPPS are compared, very different results can be found. This indicates that results from one questionnaire cannot be used for overall conclusions concerning pain intensity and QoL. For bladder symptoms the results seem to correspond better. To develop one generally accepted questionnaire would facilitate the interpretation and comparison of data in this condition.

This study shows musculoskeletal pain and a high prevalence of minor nerve injuries in CPPS patients, indicating the presence of abnormal impulse generation sites that can help in understanding the clinical picture in CPPS patients and guiding their treatment.

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) presents with a variety of symptoms affecting multiple systems. There is no universal treatment that can be given to all patients with CPPS. The results of treatment depend greatly on an accurate diagnosis. A thorough clinical assessment, including a "four-step plan", should include paying special attention to the musculoskeletal system. This assessment is not difficult to perform and provides valuable information on possible muscular problems and neuropathy.

A wide variety of symptoms and a negative impact on quality of life were shown. No differences in lower urinary tract symptoms were found between genders. Women were less sexually active than men. Chronic pelvic pain had a significantly higher negative impact on the level of quality of life in women than in men.