The fact that the education provided by universities and university colleges is becoming ever more digitalized has resulted in new challenges for university teachers in providing high-quality teaching and adapting to the needs of changing student populations. Digitalization has increasingly introduced a new dimension in teachers' pedagogical skills and competences which we have chosen to call Pedagogical Digital Competence (PDC). The purpose of this paper is to discuss and define this new dimension, based on literature and concepts from neighboring areas. As our purpose is to define a concept, the discussion is of a theoretical nature and does not include a comprehensive literature survey. The discussion results in the following definition of PDC: "Pedagogical Digital Competence refers to the ability to consistently apply the attitudes, knowledge and skills required to plan and conduct, and to evaluate and revise on an ongoing basis, ICT-supported teaching, based on theory, current research and proven experience with a view to supporting students' learning in the best possible way". Pedagogical Digital Competence thus relates to knowledge, skills and attitudes, and to technology, learning theory, subject, context and learning, and the relationships between these. PDC is thus a competence that is likely to develop the more experienced a teacher becomes.

The aim of this article is to explore and discuss entrepreneurship education, and to raise some critical questions inspired by the work of Basil Bernstein. The discussion is based on writings on entrepreneurship education and thereby gives one picture of the intellectual debate on entrepreneurship education. In contrast to traditional education, viewed as transformation of knowledge and skills, entrepreneurship education is said to be about changing attitudes and motives. There is a consensus in the field that students can be successfully endowed with an entrepreneurial culture, when their attitudes are changed in the desired way. The focus on fostering a certain identity in entrepreneurship education might be seen as a part of the ongoing neo-liberal oriented educational restructuring process, which is sweeping through Europe.

I denna artikel analyseras fjärrundervisning i relation till skolans digitalisering, med Nivåer av Lärande som teoretiskt ramverk. Detta görs med utgångspunkt i de försök till digitalisering som sedan 1980-talet pågått i svensk grund- och gymnasieskola, och den brist på pedagogiska objekt i termer av skolans undervisningsuppdrag som kännetecknar dessa försök. Ytterligare en del i föreliggande studie utgör en historisk beskrivning av fjärrundervisningens framväxt i svensk skola, där fjärrundervisning varit ett sätt att hantera skolans behov. Sedan redovisas ett empiriskt case om lärares erfarenheter från, och perspektiv på, egen fjärrundervisning i svensk skola. Detta tydliggör att lärarna använder digital teknik i ett målinriktat pedagogiskt syfte, vilket i detta sammanhang innebär att digital teknik är verktyg för att bedriva fjärrundervisning. Slutligen förs en diskussion kring vad som kännetecknar det pedagogiska objekt och den pedagogiska process som utvecklas och realiseras på olika nivåer i skolorganisationen i samspelet mellan fjärrundervisning och skolans digitalisering. Den slutsats som dras är att skolans digitalisering snarare är en fråga om pedagogik än om teknik.

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This article is about timetable-free schools, the latest 'innovation' in Swedish educational policy, and is based on findings from an ongoing research project. In autumn 2000, the Swedish government started a 5-year trial period where a limited number of municipalities and schools were allowed to abandon the current restrictions in the national timetable for comprehensive schools. The research primarily focuses on the effects of abandoning the timetable on the inner life of the schools. Two categories of schools are followed: (two) schools with the national timetable and (four) schools without. Primary findings indicate that the use of time in school is a complex sphere of operation. In many aspects, the differences within the category schools without the national timetable are more notable than differences between the two categories of schools. How time is spent in schools is related to a wide range of interlinked factors on different levels, and the national timetable is only one of them. It seems that when the new so-called freedom increases, the instruments of individual control also increase. This may be an indication that disciplining and selection still are fundamental tasks for schools to fulfil.