In 1986 Professor R J Heald published in The Lancet his new technique which he called Total Mesorectal Excision; today this is the gold standard for the surgical management of rectal cancer. In Total Mesorectal Excision (TME), the mesorectum is the term used to describe all the peri-rectal connective tissue including the posterior sheath of the endopelvic fascia containing the peri-rectal neurovascular structures. However, the mesenterium is a defined structure composed of a double layer of peritoneum which does not include the endopelvic fascia and the lateral rectal stalks, so these should not be included in the term 'mesorectum'. In our globalized medical culture it is important to use anatomic terms approved by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists, as contained in the Terminologia Anatomica produced by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT). The term mesorectum is not listed in the Terminologia Anatomica.

HighlightsCation Exchange Resins have been the mainstream treatment for chronic hyperkalemia.In 1987 the first case series of uremic patients with colonic perforations associated with the use of sodium polystyrene sulfonate was reported.The pathologic damage of Cation Exchange Resin in gastrointestinal tract goes from mucosal edema, ulcers, pseudomembranes, and the most severe transmural necrosis.Surgeons must avoid therapies with intestinal osmotic challenge implication in patients presenting gastrointestinal adverse reactions derived from Cation Exchange Resins.

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