Tumor MUC1 expression as well as levels of MUC1, MUC1 circulating immune complexes (MUC1-CIC) and free antibodies against MUC1 (IgG and IgM-MUC1) were evaluated in 70 breast cancer patients with different stages of disease. Controls included: 135 serum samples from healthy women, normal mammary tissue samples (n = 7) and benign breast disease specimens (n = 6). In all assays, pre- and post-vaccination serum samples from breast cancer patients belonging to a vaccination protocol developed at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (New York, USA) were included as controls. Serum MUC1 was measured through Cancer Associated Serum Antigen test and CA15-3 test. Employing ELISA, MUC1-CIC-IgG/M were measured with either C595 or SM3 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) as catchers and also free antibodies against MUC1 (IgG and IgM) using 100mer peptide as catcher. Employing multivariate statistical analysis, results were correlated with age, tumor type, stage of disease and grade of differentiation. By quantitative immunohistochemistry using three anti-MUC1 core protein MAbs (C595, HMFG2 and SM3), tumor MUC1 was detected in 60/70 (86%) breast cancer specimens which reacted with at least one of these MAbs. High MUCI serum levels were detected in 14/67 (21%); IgG and IgM anti-MUC1 antibodies were found elevated in 32 and 14%, respectively, while IgG-MUC1-CIC-measured with C595 in 42% and IgM-MUC1-CIC in 54%; finally, SM3 was positive in 43 and 18%, respectively. Results of these studies demonstrate that in a group of breast cancer patients, MUC1 was detected both in tissue specimens as well as free in serum samples; furthermore, MUC1 can also circulate complexed with IgG and IgM antibodies; thus an accurate measurement should include free and complexed forms. On the other hand, immunohistochemical studies on breast cancer tissues may contribute to reveal different MUC1 glycoforms.
We investigated the effect of intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy as consolidation therapy in stage IIIB–IIIC ovarian cancer, following cytoreductive surgery and systemic chemotherapy (cisplatin–cyclophosphamide—six cycles). Disease-free survival, overall survival, and side effects were compared with a control group of patients who refused a second-look surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. In a multicenter prospective trial, 29 patients with complete or optimal cytoreductive surgery and systemic treatment were included in the consolidation group and received intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy. Patients were recruited between January 1991 and December 1997. The intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion was performed with open-abdomen technique, using physiologic solution containing cisplatin 100 mg/m2, for 60 min in hyperthermic phase (41–43°C). Intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy was locally and systemically well tolerated. The consolidation therapy group showed a better 5-year survival rate and lower recurrent disease rate, but differences were not statistically significant. Our results suggest that intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy is a feasible, well-tolerated, and promising alternative as consolidation therapy in ovarian cancer.
Objective: Gross cystic disease (GCD) is the most common benign breast pathology. Although breast cysts are not considered pre-malignant lesions, an increased risk of breast cancer has been reported for patients with type I cysts ðNa þ =K þ , 3Þ: Furthermore, an augmented IGF-I/IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) ratio has been described in breast cancer patients. The objective was to evaluate serum IGF-I and binding protein concentrations of type I and type II cyst patients as compared with healthy women. Methods: Twenty-four patients with type I cysts, 17 with type II cysts and 25 healthy women were evaluated. Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-1 concentrations were measured by IRMA. Results: IGF-I concentrations were significantly higher in sera from patients with type I cysts than in patients with type II cysts. A highly significant decrease of IGFBP-3, the major IGFBP, was found in patients with type I cysts with respect to healthy women, whereas no significant difference was evident between the different cyst types. The IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio, an estimate of biologically active IGF-I, was very significantly higher in patients with type I cysts than in both type II patients and healthy women. IGFBP-1 levels were significantly lower in patients with type I than in controls and type II cysts. The IGF-I/IGFBP-1 ratio was significantly higher in patients with type I cysts than in type II bearers and healthy women. Estrogen levels correlated with IGF-I in patients and controls. Conclusions: The enhanced levels of IGF-I/IGFBP-3 found in patients with type I cysts could eventually be associated with the increased risk of breast cancer described for this group.
Radical reoperation allows disease staging, sorting of patients into risk groups, and avoidance of radiation therapy in more than two thirds of the cases of occult cervical carcinoma.
The stimulatory action of BCF on cell proliferation in a model of human breast epithelial cells could partly explain the increased incidence of breast cancer in cyst-bearing women.
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