Ingeniería y Ciencia, ing. cienc. ISSN 1794-9165 Volumen 8, número 15, enero-junio de 2012 Macrófitas flotantes en el tratamiento de aguas residuales; una revisión del estado del arte ResumenLos tratamientos de aguas residuales que involucran macrófitas flotantes han demostrado ser eficientes en la remediación de aguas con contenidos de nutrientes, materia orgánica y sustancias toxicas como arsénico, zinc, cadmio, cobre, plomo, cromo, y mercurio. Su importancia radica en su aptitud para ser empleados en núcleos rurales debido a su bajo consumo de energía convencional y la practicidad en el montaje y operación de los sistemas de tratamiento. Aun así, todavía no se han esclarecido rigurosamente los procesos que tienen lugar en la depuración de aguas residuales con macrófitas flotantes.El presente artículo pretende hacer un recorrido por la literatura existente sobre macrófitas flotantes, identificando los aspectos generales, ventajas y des- 221|Macrófitas flotantes en el tratamiento de aguas residuales; una revisión del estado del arte ventajas del uso de estas plantas para depurar aguas residuales. De igual manera se identifican los antecedentes de mayor relevancia desde los inicios de esta aplicación. Serán descritos los modelos de diseño con macrófitas y los criterios generalmente aceptados, revisando rigurosamente las eficiencias de remoción de distintas especies de macrófitas flotantes. Por ultimo serán abordadas según lo analizado las perspectivas actuales y retos futuros para el desarrollo de esta técnica.Palabras claves: Macrófitas flotantes, plantas flotantes, tratamientos naturales de aguas residuales, sistemas blandos, fitoremediación, humedales, jacinto de agua. AbstractThe wastewater treatments with floating macrophytes have proven effective in the remediation of waters with nutrient content, organic matter and toxic substances such as arsenic, zinc, cadmium, copper, lead, chromium, and mercury. Its importance lies in its ability to be used in rural communities due to their low consumption of conventional energy and practicality in the assembly and operation of treatment systems. Still, it has not been clarified thoroughly the processes taking place in the purification of wastewater with floating macrophytes.This article attempts to review the existing literature on floating macrophytes, thus identifying the general aspects, advantages and disadvantages of using these plants for treating wastewater. Similarly, identify the most important background since the beginning of this application. There will be described models and design criteria mostly employed, rigorously reviewing removal efficiencies of different species of floating macrophytes. Finally it will be addressed as discussed current perspectives and future challenges for the development of this technique. Key words:Floating macrophytes, floating plants, natural wastewater treatment, soft systems, phytoremediation, wetlands, water hyacint. ResumoOs tratamentos deáguas de residuais que envolvem macrófitas flutuantes tem demonstado ser eficien...
A simplified method is presented for estimating chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractions. Its effectiveness was assessed by comparing different values found in literature. This case study considered two main sanitary sewer collection systems in Bogotá, Colombia. The results showed important differences in COD fractions between the sewer collection systems and the reference data. The method presented demonstrated advantages over those currently in place, the paper provides detailed explanations of the steps required and establishes a unified interpretation of the results obtained.
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