Background: Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in female patients, thus becoming an important topic for public health. The current Gail model, already validated for other populations (e.g. White, African American, Native American, Asian), has been applied in other regions (e.g. Turkey, Qatar, Iran, Korea), however, without reflecting the ethnic diversity that the Brazilian population brings with it, through the intense miscegenation that occurred over centuries of civilization after the arrival of the Portuguese. Mobile applications are also part of the clinical practice, helping and streamlining clinical decisions, bringing benefits to healthcare professionals and patients. Objective: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate a tool for estimating the risk of developing breast cancer and to create an application for calculating the risk of developing breast cancer. Methods: Translation of the tool available on the National Cancer Institute (NCI) website from English to Portuguese (including backtranslating). Cultural adaptation through a questionnaire consultation with mastologists. Validation of the tool in a prospective observational study conducted through an interview, using the translated tool. Patients who were users of the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS) were approached at the special clinic of Hospital Samuel Libânio, Pouso Alegre, Minas Gerais. Patients with a history of Lobular or Ductal Carcinoma in situ were interviewed, as well as those with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 suppressor genes and other hereditary syndromes associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (e.g. Cowden Syndrome , Li Fraumeni Syndrome). The risk of developing breast cancer over 5 years and throughout life has been calculated. Result: It is observed that 61.9% of the evaluating professionals were females, with a mean age of 35.9 years (SD=7.1 years), 76.2% were white, 95.2% were specialized in Mastology, and 66.7% had from 1 to 5 years of experience in the area. It is also observed that 100% attended the screening and 85.7% said they had no difficulty in identifying the risk factor. The mean age of the patients submitted to the interview was 49.9 years (SD=13.4 years), with a minimum age of 35 years and a maximum of 79 years. 62.5% of women were white, 50% had their menarche between 12 and 13 years old, 31.3% had their first term pregnancy before the age of 20 and 56.3% did not report first-degree relatives with breast cancer. The risk calculated using the tool for eligible patients was 1.3% over the next five years (Standard Deviation±0.86) and 12.41% over life (Standard Deviation±8.72), with no significant difference compared to the general population. Conclusion: The tool has been translated, culturally adapted, and validated according to international protocols for successful tool validation. The application for Android platform was developed.
Male breast cancer (MMC) corresponds to 0.5% of cases of malignant neoplasms in men. Among the associated risk factors are black ethnicity, age over 60 years, family history, BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, Klinefelter syndrome, the use of exogenous estrogen, gynecomastia, obesity, and a history of chest radiation. Regarding diagnosis and treatment, the standard trend for female breast cancer is still followed, with few studies in men. We report the case of an 81-yearold black patient with few risk factors exposed in the literature. On physical examination at entry, he presented an exophytic lesion in the right breast and palpable and hardened lymph nodes in the right axillary region. With an established diagnosis of nonspecial type invasive carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma without other specifications by previous biopsy, a modified right radical mastectomy was performed with right axillary dissection and according to the pathological examination with pT4b pN1 pMx staging. Thus, as a result of the good evolution of the condition, the patient was discharged 2 days after the surgery to the oncology clinic, in order to monitor the condition.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.