The objective of the present descriptive study was to analyze the intercultural competences of primary education teachers in Machala city (Ecuador). Cognitive, procedural, and attitudinal dimensions were determined and the study was systematized using analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, and statistical methods. Data was gathered through a survey of 442 randomly selected teachers through stratified sampling. The results showed teacher command on the regulations and laws that govern bilingual intercultural education. But, there was lack of knowledge about adequate methodologies for intercultural teaching. There were also limitations for instructing in native languages. It is concluded that the majority of surveyed teachers perceived that they had knowledge and showed sensitivity about their own cultural identity and that of their students. But, teachers also believed that they were limited in terms of intercultural methodologies and competences, which may explain the prevalent existing asymmetry between theory and practice.
La obra centra el estudio en las habilidades geométricas: reconocer objetos geométricos; trazar y/o construir; argumentar proposiciones geométricas; y resolución de problemas geométricos de cálculo. En el libro se aportan los fundamentos teóricos para el desarrollo de habilidades geométricas en la Educación Primaria. Se incluyen, además, recomendaciones metodológicas para el tratamiento de los objetos geométricos fundamentales que se abordan en este nivel educativo. Se le brinda también a los docentes el procedimiento para realizar algunos medios de enseñanza para el tratamiento de los contenidos geométricos y el desarrollo de habilidades.
Background and PurposeResidency programs have been directed to comply with specific guidelines for resident duty hours. The office of pediatric resident education at the University of Texas Medical Branch developed a Web-based monitoring tool to capture hourly data regarding resident activities and the following violations: residents who log more than 30 hours on continuous duty, more than 80 hours in one week, less than 10 hours off between duty shifts and those who will exceed their duty hours before the end of an 80 hour work week.MethodsEvery categorical pediatrics and internal medicine-pediatrics resident assigned to pediatric rotations from July 1 to October 12, 2004 entered their daily activities prospectively. Each hour was assigned to one of six categories determined to constitute “duty hours” activities: Administrative duties related to patient care, transfer of patient care, time in-house during call, teaching activities, patient care and scheduled academic activities or as a “break.” Duty hours' violations were calculated automatically for each rotation and resident.ResultsSeventy-three out of 148 resident months had at least one violation. Overall there were 230 individual violations during this 4 month period. Of these, 160/230 (70%) occurred during inpatient rotations, 10/230 (4%) occurred during outpatient rotations and 60/230 (26%) occurred during intensive care rotations. In this same time period, the distribution of experiences was 39% inpatient, 45% outpatient and 16% intensive care. Every intern and senior resident (3rd or 4th year) had at least one violation. Five out of 16 second year residents had no violations. Review of inpatient data revealed that residents report spending 73% of their hours performing patient care, 7.7% completing administrative duties and 0.4% teaching. Further analysis of specific activities and relationship to duty hours' violations is under way.ConclusionsOur Web-based system permits residents to enter duty hour data in a timely fashion and provides notification to program administrators to allow for proactive and continuous monitoring. Despite changes made to our schedule prior to implementing this monitoring system, every rotation with overnight call had more than one duty hours' violation and resident inpatient rotations had more violations than outpatient. Opportunities to reduce the number of violations during inpatient services likely reside with reduction of individual patient care responsibilities. Improved understanding of specific activities on each rotation and establishing linkages to violations will allow for modifications and improve overall rotation quality.
La evaluación de los aprendizajes de matemáticas en la Educación Media Superior, constituyeun gran desafío para los docentes por la complejidad de su tarea, en función de lograr un aprendizajesignificativo desde el punto de vista del sujeto que aprende, donde se considera importanterevitalizar la dimensión formativa de la evaluación para transformar sus prácticas a la luz de lasexigencias curriculares contemporáneas. Se enfatiza en la importancia de promover una culturade la evaluación que asegure el desarrollo de un proceso sistemático, riguroso, crítico, reflexivo yorientado a la toma de decisiones académicas. El estudio se estructuró en dos momentos, el primeroconsidera los fundamentos teóricos que sustenta la comprensión del docente, sobre la dimensiónformativa de la evaluación de los aprendizajes de los estudiantes, cuyo objetivo está orientado aanalizar las prácticas de evaluación en el ámbito de las asignaturas de matemáticas. En el segundo,se aplicaron entrevistas y grupos focales, donde se consideraron la diversidad de criterios emitidospor los docentes, sobre las problemáticas que inciden en los resultados de aprendizajes. En estemarco interpretativo se ofrecen algunas conclusiones e implicaciones relacionadas con la necesidadde promover un cambio metodológico, como mecanismo que permite redireccionar las estrategiasde enseñanza, que sustentan la significatividad del saber en la EMS; se enfatiza en la necesidad defortalecer espacios de interacción colegiada, desde donde se genere un intercambio de experienciassobre las formas evaluación, como alternativa viable que condiciona la comprensión y mejora dela docencia en el bachillerato.
La presente investigación se centra en el Diseño de un sistema para la generación de documentos en la etapa preparatoria y precontractual de compras públicas para las instituciones públicas del Ecuador. Se realizó una investigación completa de las falencias en los procesos actuales que se manejan para las compras públicas, se determinó realizar distintos módulos para la generación de documentos, además de módulos de administración. Este sistema fue desarrollado en un ambiente web como lenguaje principal PHP, además se utilizaron dos frameworks: Laravel y Bootstrap, también se utilizará la librería de JQuery, como almacenamiento de los datos se utilizó el gestor de base de datos MariaDB.Este Sistemas se apoya en la metodología de desarrollo de Software RUP (Rational Unified Process), se utilizó el lenguaje unificado de modelado UML, estas son herramientas necesarias en el análisis y diseño de sistemas POO (Programación orientada a objetos). El sistema resuelve el problema de la gestión de las compras públicas para instituciones inscritas al gobierno en el Ecuador. Palabras clave: Compras, oferta pública, gobierno, institucionalidad. ABSTRACT The present investigation focuses on the Design of a system for the generation of documents in the pre-contractual and pre-contractual stage of public purchases for public institutions in Ecuador. A complete investigation of the shortcomings in the current processes that are managed for public purchases was carried out, it was determined to carry out different modules for the generation of documents, in addition to administration modules. This system was developed in a web environment as the main language PHP, in addition two frameworks were used: Laravel and Bootstrap, the JQuery library will also be used, as data storage the MariaDB database manager was used. This Systems is based on the RUP (Rational Unified Process) Software development methodology, the unified modeling language UML was used, these are necessary tools in the analysis and design of OOP (Object Oriented Programming) systems. The system solves the problem of managing public purchases for institutions registered with the government in Ecuador. Keywords: Purchases, public offering, government, institutionality.
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