Critically ill patients fed a high-protein diet enriched with arginine, fiber, and antioxidants had a significantly lower catheter-related sepsis rate than patients fed a standard high-protein diet. There were no differences in mortality or ICU and hospital length of stay. The subgroup of patients fed the study diet for >2 days showed a trend toward decreased mortality.

Total parenteral nutrition supplemented with alanine-glutamine in intensive care unit patients is associated with a reduced rate of infectious complications and better glycemic control.