PURPOSE:To revise and systematize scientific knowledge of the experimental model for cutaneous burns in rats. METHODS:A bibliographical review from 2008 up to January 2011 in PubMed, EMBASE and LILACS was undertaken. Were used the keywords: animal models, burns and rats. 221 studies were identified, and 116 were selected. RESULTS:It was found that: 54/86 (62.7%) had third degree burns; 55/73 (75.3%) studied the back; 45/78 (57.6%) used heated water and 27/78 (35.9%) incandescent instruments; 39/78 (50%) studied systemic effects; 22/71 (31%) used ketamine associated with xylazine; 61/64 (95.3%) performed depilation with appropriate equipment; 36/72 (50%) used microscopy; more than 50% did not describe analgesia or antibiotics during the postoperative period; in 42/116 (36.2%) postoperative fluid therapy was performed; and the time interval after the burn, up to the beginning of the results analysis varied from 7s up to four weeks. Legislation issues on burn experiments are discussed. CONCLUSION:The hot water was the main method to induce burns those of third degree on the back, with anesthesia using ketamine and xylazine, after depilation. These were evaluated microscopically, without using analgesia or an antibiotic during the postoperative period. The studies were not very reproducible. CONCLUSÃO: Líquido aquecido foi o principal método para induzir queimadura de terceiro grau no dorso do animal, com anestesia usando quetamina e xilazina, após depilação, avaliados por microscopia, sem uso de analgesia ou antibióticos. Os estudos não são reprodutíveis.Descritores: Modelos Animais. Queimaduras. Pele. Revisão. Ratos.Mitsunaga Jr JK et al.

Delirium is the most common postsurgical neurological complication and has a variable incidence rate. Laparoscopic surgery, when associated with the Trendelenburg position, can cause innumerable physiological changes and increase the risk of neurocognitive changes. The association of general anesthesia with a spinal block allows the use of lower doses of anesthetic agents for anesthesia maintenance and facilitates better control over postoperative pain. Our primary outcome was to assess whether a spinal block influences the incidence of delirium in oncologic patients following laparoscopic surgery in the Trendelenburg position. Our secondary outcome was to analyze whether there were other associated factors. A total of 150 oncologic patients who underwent elective laparoscopic surgeries in the Trendelenburg position were included in this randomized controlled trial. The patients were randomized into 2 groups: the general anesthesia group and the general anesthesia plus spinal block group. Patients were immediately evaluated during the postoperative period and monitored until they were discharged, to rule out the presence of delirium. Delirium occurred in 29 patients in total (22.3%) (general anesthesia group: 30.8%; general anesthesia plus spinal block: 13.8% p = 0.035). Patients who received general anesthesia had a higher risk of delirium than patients who received general anesthesia associated with a spinal block (odds ratio = 3.4; 95% confidence interval: 1.2–9.6; p = 0.020). Spinal block was associated with reduced delirium incidence in oncologic patients who underwent elective laparoscopic surgeries in the Trendelenburg position.

The perivascular techniques are viable alternatives to perineural technique for US-ABPB. There is a higher incidence of vascular puncture associated with the BA technique.

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all 10 cities including the rural areas of the province of Kerman. All data were finally analyzed by SPSS software (version 11.5). Results On the basis of recorded statistical analysis, the mortality cases of human rabies in the province of Kerman during one decade was 10 persons (eight males and two females). One-half of them (50%) were bitten by dogs and the others (50%) by foxes. Among the reported deaths, 40% were from Kahnooj county (Jiroft region). The reported data indicated that 21,546 persons were bitten by animals during 10 years in the province of Kerman. The mean of age of the people who were bitten by dogs was 24.80 years (SD = ±14.6), while the mean age of the people who were bitten by foxes was 57.25 years (SD = ±1.50). There was a significant difference between the mean age of these two groups of the people (P < 0.05). The most frequent rate of injured people was reported in the age group 10-19 years old and the frequency rate of males (76.00%) was more than females (24.00%). Therefore, there was a statistically significant difference between males and females in this study (P < 0.01). About 60% of all persons that were bitten by animals were from rural areas and 40% of them were from urban areas (P < 0.05). Among the people who were bitten and injured by animals during one decade in the province of Kerman, 85.70% of them were not treated by the rabies prophylaxis treatment regimen. Among all of them who were bitten by animals, 50% were injured through hands and feet, 40% of them through heads and faces, and 10% of them through trunks, cervical regions and other organs of the bodies. In the persons who were bitten by animals in the head region, the mean latency period for rabies was 33 days (SD = ±12.2 days), while the mean latency period in the persons who were bitten through hands and feet was 77 days (SD = ±45.8 days). The P value was <0.1. The results of this study showed that there is a significant reciprocal correlation between annual raining level and the frequency rate of animal bites in the province of Kerman (r = 0.5, P < 0.01). Conclusions According to this study, the role of foxes in the epidemiology of human rabies in the province of Kerman, located in the southeast of Iran, seems very important. Since most of the animal bite individuals, during the one-decade survey in this region of Iran, did not seem aware of the risk of exposure to the viral infection of rabies through animal bites, the public education of preventive measurements of rabies seems imperative by the public health authorities as well as vaccination of animals against rabies, especially dogs and cats, as well as mass vaccination of wild animals by means of distribution of oral vaccines in the vast and scattered forests by helicopters belonging to Veterinary Organization Authorities being recommended. Collaboration of intersectional public health relationships of medical science universities of the province of Kerman as well as all related authorities to control rabies prevalence in the regional and interregional provi...

Delirium is an acute mental syndrome caused by diffuse cerebral dysfunction. When it occurs in the postoperative period, is a consequence of association of predisposing and precipitating factors.Delirium in the postoperative period (DPP) results in an increased mortality, morbidity and prolongs the length of hospital stay (LOS).