This paper describes a novel fabrication method for the manufacture of three-dimensional (3D) interconnected microchannels. The fabrication is based on a full wafer polymer bonding process, using SU-8 polymer epoxy photoresist as a structural material. The technology development includes an improvement of the SU-8 photolithography process in order to produce high uniformity films with good adhesive properties. Hence, 3D embedded microchannels are fabricated by a low temperature adhesive bonding of the SU-8 photopatterned thick films. The bonding occurs at temperatures (100-120 • C) lower than those usually applied in bonding technology. The bonding process parameters have been chosen in order to achieve a strong and void-free bond. High bond strengths, up to 8 MPa, have been obtained. Several examples using this new technology are shown, including bonding between different combinations of silicon and Pyrex wafers. This method also allows us to bond wafers with previously surface micromachined structures. Interconnected microchannels with vertical smooth walls and aspect ratios up to five have been obtained. Channels from 40 to 60 µm depth and from 10 to 250 µm width have been achieved. Liquid has been introduced at different levels into the microchannels, verifying good sealing of the 3D interconnected microchannels. The fabrication procedure described in this paper is fast, reproducible, CMOS compatible and easily implementable using standard photolithography and bonding equipment.
The recent nonindictments of police officers who killed unarmed Black men have incited popular and scholarly discussions on racial injustices in our legal system, racialized police violence, and police (mis)conduct. What is glaringly absent is a public health perspective in response to these events. We aim to fill this gap and expand the current dialogue beyond these isolated incidents to a broader discussion of racism in America and how it affects the health and well-being of people of color. Our goal is not only to reiterate how salient structural racism is in our society, but how critical antiracist work is to the core goals and values of public health.
Background TK2 gene encodes for mitochondrial thymidine kinase, which phosphorylates the pyrimidine nucleosides thymidine and deoxycytidine. Recessive mutations in the TK2 gene are responsible for the ‘myopathic form’ of the mitochondrial depletion/multiple deletions syndrome, with a wide spectrum of severity. Methods We describe 18 patients with mitochondrial myopathy due to mutations in the TK2 gene with absence of clinical symptoms until the age of 12. Results The mean age of onset was 31 years. The first symptom was muscle limb weakness in 10/18, eyelid ptosis in 6/18, and respiratory insufficiency in 2/18. All patients developed variable muscle weakness during the evolution of the disease. Half of patients presented difficulty in swallowing. All patients showed evidence of respiratory muscle weakness, with need for non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation in 12/18. Four patients had deceased, all of them due to respiratory insufficiency. We identified common radiological features in muscle magnetic resonance, where the most severely affected muscles were the gluteus maximus, semitendinosus and sartorius. On muscle biopsies typical signs of mitochondrial dysfunction were associated with dystrophic changes. All mutations identified were previously reported, being the most frequent the in-frame deletion p.Lys202del. All cases showed multiple mtDNA deletions but mtDNA depletion was present only in two patients. Conclusions The late-onset is the less frequent form of presentation of the TK2 deficiency and its natural history is not well known. Patients with late onset TK2 deficiency have a consistent and recognizable clinical phenotype and a poor prognosis, due to the high risk of early and progressive respiratory insufficiency.
Couples who seek a stable and satisfying relationship must recover emotionally and reestablish their intimate connection after their conflicts are over. In a 3-week diary study, 100 cohabiting couples reported on their daily moods, intimacy, relationship satisfaction, and conflicts. Results indicated that on days following a conflict, couple partners have worse mood, less satisfaction, and less self-disclosure than on other days. Attachment security and intimacy partially moderated the ability of relationship partners to recover positive and reduce negative affect on days following conflict. Partners of anxiously attached individuals experienced more pronounced postconflict changes in mood and intimacy than partners of securely attached individuals. More intimacy in postconflict interactions was associated with a faster recovery from conflict.How a couple recovers from conflict may be as important to the ongoing functioning of their relationship as their behavior during conflict.In order to sustain a high level of intimacy and satisfaction over many years and through many disagreements, a couple must be able to come back together after conflict and reestablish their intimate bond. Although much is known about the impact of couples' behavior during conflict, less is known about how couples reconcile following conflict. The purpose of this study is to investigate romantic couples' recoveries from conflict, and to determine (a) whether information about the short-term aftermath of conflict can help predict the well-being of individual partners and their relationship and (b) whether we can reliably identify characteristics of individuals or relationships to better predict which couples will experience negative effects of conflict beyond the day when the conflict occurs. It is our contention that couples who are able to recover and resume intimate relating soon after conflict are less likely to avoid conflict when it arises and, as a result, less likely to live with unresolved issues contaminating the relationship. Teaching couples how to recover once they have conflict may contribute as much to marital therapy success as does teaching them how 308
El presente documento hace parte de una investigación sobre el comercio exterior en Colombia apoyada por la Corporación Andina de Fomento (CAF) y El Banco de la República. Las opiniones expresadas en este documento son responsabilidad de los autores y no comprometen al Banco de la República ni a su Junta Directiva ni a la CAF. Los errores que persisten son responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores. Medidas paraarancelarias Valoración aduanera por la administración de aduanas 3000 Medidas de control del precio Precios mínimos de importación Exacciones variables Investigaciones antidumping Derechos antidumping 6000 Medidas de control de la cantidad Licencias no automáticas Licencia sin criterios específicos ex ante Adquisición de productos nacionales Licencia combinada con una autorización especial de importación o sustituida por ella Autorización previa para proteger la salud de las personas Autorización previa para proteger la salud/vida de animales Autorización previa para proteger la salud de plantas Autorización previa para proteger el medioambiente Autorización previa para proteger la fauna/flora silvestre Autorización previa para combatir el uso indebido de drogas Autorización previa para garantizar la seguridad de las personas Autorización previa para garantizar la seguridad nacional Autorización previa para fines N. E. P. Contingentes Contingentes globales Asignados a países exportadores Contingentes vinculados con la adquisición de productos nacionales Contingentes para proteger el medioambiente Prohibiciones Prohibición total Prohibición para proteger la salud de las personas Prohibición para proteger la salud/vida de animales Prohibición para proteger la salud de plantas Prohibición para proteger el medioambiente 7000 Medidas monopolísticas Canal único para la realizacaciónde importaciones Canal único para categorías de productos sensibles 8000 Medidas técnicas Reglamentos técnicos Normas relativas a las características del producto Normas relativas al etiquetado Normas relativas al embalaje Normas relativas a las pruebas, la inspección y la cuarentena Obligación de pasar por determinada oficina de aduanas Inspección previa a la expedición Formalidades aduaneras especiales Medidas técnicas N. E. P. Fuente: Unctad (2012). Códigos de Colombia disponibles en Trains (WITS)
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.