In developing countries, horticultural production in low-altitude tropical climate conditions is often limited by biotic and abiotic factors. In these countries, the implementation of highly technical greenhouses is not feasible due to economic, social and cultural issues related to farmers. Therefore, one of the alternatives that has taken a great boom is the use of screen house structures (SH), although information on the microclimatic behavior of these is still limited. The objective of this research was to use an experimentally validated 3D CFD numerical simulation model to study the thermal behavior and airflow patterns in an SH located in the Colombian Caribbean region during the daytime hours (6:00 to18:00 h). The results obtained showed that the air flow patterns inside the SH showed speed reductions of up to 68% with respect to the speed of the external wind. It was also found that the thermal behavior inside the SH was quite homogeneous, the average temperature values in the structures ranged between 23.9 and 39 °C and the difference with external environment temperature did not exceed 1.8 °C. It was concluded that the implementation of this type of structure could be an useful technological tool for the optimization of horticultural production in low-altitude tropical climate regions.
Esta obra tiene por objeto mostrar las características del montaje de un invernadero bioclimático ventilado de acuerdo con un diseño desarrollado el 2019 en el departamento de Magdalena, Colombia. Este diseño está basado en un modelo computacional de fluidos (CFD) 2-D para el desarrollo de simulaciones en estado estacionario, modelo que fue validado experimentalmente en el prototipo del invernadero real evaluado. Se destacan los siguientes contenidos de esta publicación: 1) descripción de la fase de diseño computacional apoyado en herramientas de modelado y simulación numérica, en el que se detallan preproceso, proceso y posproceso, 2) diseño arquitectónico, validación de las condiciones microclimáticas dentro de la estructura y método de medición de las variables asociadas al clima, 3) proceso de construcción, 4) presupuesto y 5) criterios para el mantenimiento. El invernadero bioclimático ventilado es una alternativa para intensificar la agricultura y mejorar la seguridad alimentaria en estas regiones de clima cálido, ya que está orientado a superar de manera eficiente las limitaciones usualmente impuestas por factores bióticos y abióticos que afectan la producción agrícola de estas zonas.
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