This study analyzed the demographic and biometric changes in registered animals of the Mangalarga breed over the decades. Information from 206,428 Mangalarga horses born between 1930 and 2018 extracted from the genealogic registry system of the Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos da Raça Mangalarga was employed. The data referred to sex, birth date, fur coat, breeding site location, score achieved at genealogic registration, and three body measurements. Height at withers and the thoracic and cannon bone circumferences were used to calculate five morphometric indices. Results were submitted to analysis of variance using a completely randomized split-plot design where the plots comprised the sexes and the split-plots comprised the decades of selection. Between 1930 and 1990, genealogic registrations progressively increased, particularly in the 1970s and 80s, when the herd experienced the highest growth rate. In 2018, Mangalarga breeding sites were reported in 23 Brazilian states and the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Bahia held the largest herds. Between 1970 and 2018, the height at withers of mares, stallions, and geldings increased by 5.1, 3.1, and 2.1 cm, respectively. The thoracic circumference of stallions increased by 3.3 cm and the cannon bone circumference of mares decreased by 0.34 cm. It is concluded that the Mangalarga breed is found across Brazil, especially in the Southeast region. Irrespective of sex, the selection of the breed has led to taller Mangalarga horses. In addition, the stallions became heavier and gained thoracic circumference, while mares became hypometric.
ResumoA estreita relação entre as características de exterior e a classificação funcional dos equinos tem contribuído consideravelmente no processo seletivo a partir da identificação de indivíduos morfologicamente superiores, permitindo a eliminação do processo reprodutivo de indivíduos portadores de caracteres indesejáveis. Objetivou-se avaliar as medidas lineares dos garanhões e castrados registrados no livro definitivo da ABCCCampolina, bem como compará-las e determinar as correlações existentes. Para tal, foram analisadas 15 medidas lineares de 4.837 garanhões e 1.371 castrados a partir da estatística descritiva, correlação de Pearson e análise de variância. De forma geral, as correlações encontradas apresentaram valores maiores para garanhões que para os castrados. Para aqueles a maioria das medidas foram significativamente influenciadas (P<0,01) pelo ano de nascimento, estado do criatório e pelagem, enquanto que para os castrados a pelagem foi a variável de menor influência (P<0,01) sobre as medidas. Destaca-se que a castração não comprometeu o desenvolvimento final dos animais, entretanto a falta de critérios dos produtores no momento da seleção e a preferência pessoal podem contribuir para a fixação de caracteres raciais em detrimento dos funcionais. Isso pode ser evidenciado pelo fato de os machos castrados da raça Campolina mostraram-se, em média, melhores proporcionados quando comparados aos garanhões. Palavras-chave: ABCCCampolina, biometria, conformação, castrados, medidas lineares AbstractIn the equine species, the surface characteristics, present a close relationship with its functional classification. The scientific use of linear measurements can contribute decisively in the selective process of many breeds, by identifying the higher morphologically individuals and excluding from reproduction those that are not closed to desirable. The present study objected to evaluate and compare, the linear measures from stallions and gelded horses registered in ABCCCampolina's CP6 and CP8 books, and to determinate the existing correlations. In order to reach so, 15 linear measures from 4.837 stallions and 1.371 gelded were evaluated from descriptive statistic, Pearson's correlation and analysis of variance. Generally, higher values of correlations were observed for stallions than to gelded ones. To stallions, most of the measures were significantly influenced (P<0,01) by the year of birth, state of birth and coat
RESUMOO presente estudo objetivou avaliar os índices morfométricos para garanhões, machos castrados e fêmeas da raça Campolina, bem como caracterizá-los morfologicamente. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as medidas lineares de 4.840 garanhões, 19.037 fêmeas e 1.371 machos castrados, obtidas no banco de dados do Serviço de Registro Genealógico da ABCCCampolina, com base nas quais nove índices morfométricos foram calculados utilizando-se seis medidas lineares. A análise de variância foi realizada para avaliar o efeito do sexo e da idade sobre os índices obtidos. Verificou-se que ambos os fatores influenciaram os índices morfométricos. Garanhões apresentaram peso calculado aproximado superior tanto às fêmeas quanto aos machos castrados. De acordo com o índice peitoral, todas as categorias foram classificadas como "longe do chão". Em relação aos valores médios dos índices corporal e dáctilo torácico, garanhões e castrados foram classificados como mediolíneos e eumétricos, respectivamente, enquanto as fêmeas foram classificadas como brevilíneas e hipométricas. Conclui-se que os machos castrados e os garanhões da raça Campolina enquadram-se no padrão da raça para animais tipo sela, mas as fêmeas não. Entretanto, os índices de compacidade 1 e 2 apresentam resultados contraditórios e precisam ser melhor avaliados para fins de uso em classificações. Para a maioria dos índices, os animais castrados apresentaram-se melhor proporcionados que as demais categorias. Palavras
This study aimed to verify whether the criterion of exhibition contests adopted for Campolina and Mangalarga Marchador breeds has been successful in recent years, i.e., if the subsequent generations have the morphology recommended by the standard of the breed allied with high-quality marcha, a four-beat ambling gait. The classifications achieved by each horse during national horse shows in morphology and gait contests underwent Spearman's correlation to verify the number of contests with a correlation between the classifications in the two judgments and those with no correlation. Next, the number of contests with or without such correlation underwent a frequency distribution test considering the variables breed, year, age, marcha category, and sex. Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) of contests with a correlation was also used as a parameter. A difference was observed among years of evaluation only for Mangalarga Marchador horses, with a greater number of contests with correlations between morphological and ambling gait performances between 1998 and 2004. On both breeds, the correlation was found in more contests among foals than adult horses. When Spearman's correlation coefficients were compared, Campolina contests exhibited a higher r than Mangalarga Marchador, 68.14 and 63.68%, respectively. Only Mangalarga Marchador males had higher r value than females, 67.27 and 59.73%, respectively. The contest criterion adopted by Campolina and Mangalarga Marchador associations to select superior individuals does not correlate, in subsequent generations, with the morphology recommended by the standard of the breeds with high-quality marcha progress in the same individuals.
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