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ObjectiveFacial-type-associated variations in diagnostic features have several implications in orthodontics. For example, in hyperdivergent craniofacial types, growth imbalances are compensated by displacement of the condyle. When diagnosis and treatment planning involves centric relation (CR), detailed knowledge of the condylar position is desirable. The present study aimed to measure condylar displacement (CD) between CR and maximum intercuspation in three facial types of an asymptomatic orthodontic population.MethodsThe study was conducted in 108 patients classified into three groups of 36 individuals each (27 women and 9 men; mean age, 20.5 years), based on the following facial patterns: hyperdivergent, hypodivergent, and intermediate. To quantify CD along the horizontal and vertical axes, the condylar position was analyzed using mounted casts on a semi-adjustable articulator and a mandibular position indicator. The Student t-test was used to compare CD between the groups.ResultsVertical displacement was found to be significantly different between the hyperdivergent and hypodivergent groups (p < 0.0002) and between the hyperdivergent and intermediate groups (p < 0.0006). The differences in horizontal displacement were not significant between the groups. In each group, vertical CD was more evident than horizontal displacement was.ConclusionsAll facial types, especially the hyperdivergent type, carried a significantly high risk of CD. Therefore, the possibility of CD should be carefully evaluated and considered in the assessment of all orthodontic cases in order to accurately assess jaw relationships and avoid possible misdiagnosis.

Introduction The joint space measurements of the temporomandibular joint have been used to determine the condyle position variation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the coronal joint spaces measurements of the temporomandibular joint. Material and Methods An electronic database search was performed with the terms “condylar position”; “joint space”AND”TMJ”. Inclusionary criteria included: tomographic 3D imaging of the TMJ, presentation of at least two joint space measurements on the coronal plane. Exclusionary criteria were: mandibular fractures, animal studies, surgery, presence of genetic or chronic diseases, case reports, opinion or debate articles or unpublished material. The risk of bias of each study was judged as high, moderate or low according to the “Cochrane risk of bias tool”. The values used in the meta-analysis were the medial, superior and lateral joint space measurements and their differences between the right and left joint. Results From the initial search 2706 articles were retrieved. After excluding the duplicates and all the studies that did not match the eligibility criteria 4 articles classified for final review. All the retrieved articles were judged as low level of evidence. All of the reviewed studies were included in the meta-analysis concluding that the mean coronal joint space values were: medial joint space 2.94 mm, superior 2.55 mm and lateral 2.16 mm. Conclusions the analysis also showed high levels of heterogeneity. Right and left comparison did not show statistically significant differences. Key words:Temporomandibular joint, systematic review, meta-analysis.

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r e v p o r t e s t o m a t o l m e d d e n t c i r m a x i l o f a c . 2 0 1 5;5 6(2):80-88 Review Meta-analysis a b s t r a c tThe aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the sagittal joint spaces measurements of the temporomandibular joint. An electronic database search was performed with the terms "condylar position"; "joint space" AND "TMJ". The risk of bias of each study was assessed with "Cochrane risk of bias tool". The values used in the meta-analysis were the joint space measurements and their differences between the right and left joint. From the initial search 2706 articles were retrieved. Eighteen articles classified for final review. Only one study was classified as having high level of evidence. Seventeen of the reviewed studies were included in the meta-analysis concluding that the mean sagittal joint space values were: anterior joint space 1.86 mm, superior 2.36 mm and posterior 2.22 mm. However, the analysis also showed high levels of heterogeneity. Right and left comparison has shown statistically significant differences. © 2015 Sociedade Portuguesa de Estomatologia e Medicina Dentária. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Espaços articulares sagitais da articulação temporomandibular: revisão sistemática e meta-análisePalavras chave: Articulação temporomandibular Revisão Meta-análise r e s u m o O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise sobre os espaços articulares sagitais da articulação temporomandibular. Foi realizada uma pesquisa eletrónica com os termos "condylar position", "joint space"AND"TMJ". O nível de evidên-cia de cada estudo foi avaliado com "Cochrane risk of bias tool". Os valores sumariados na meta-análise foram os espaços articulares e a diferença entre a articulação direita e esquerda. article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).r e v p o r t e s t o m a t o l m e d d e n t c i r m a x i l o f a c . 2 0 1 5;5 6(2):80-88 81 Da pesquisa inicial resultaram 2076 artigos dos quais 18 foram selecionados para a revisão. Apenas um estudo foi considerado de elevado nível de evidência. Foram incluídos na metaanálise 17 dos artigos da revisão concluindo-se que, os valores médios para os espaços articulares sagitais foram: 1.86 mm para o anterior, 2.36 mm para o superior e 2.22 mm para o posterior. No entanto, a análise revelou ainda grande heterogeneidade nos resultados dos estudos avaliados. Verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as articulaç ões esquerda e direita.

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