Lice infestations are commonly seen in buffaloes, causing damage directly to the animal, i.e., itching, skin lesions, and anemia. In addition, these insects can also be vectors for infectious diseases. The present study describes an outbreak of lice in buffaloes as well as evidence for Haematopinus tuberculatus acting as a vector of anaplasmosis. Lice and blood were collected from 4 young buffaloes (2- to 4-mo-old) and a molecular analysis for the presence of Anaplasma marginale was conducted. DNA of A. marginale was detected in the blood of all 4 animals. Twelve lice were collected and separated in 4 groups, with 3 insects each, to comprise a pool of samples. After DNA extraction and molecular analysis, a positive PCR for A. marginale was found in all pooled samples. These results identify sucking lice as potential vectors of anaplasmosis. However, additional studies are necessary to fully evaluate the vector potential of H. tuberculatus for A. maginale transmission.
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease of worldwide spread. It is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and is transmitted to animals and humans through the bite of sand flies. In Brazil, leishmaniasis is one of the zoonoses of major importance and expansion. The objective of this work is to describe the clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical and molecular findings of cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania enriettii in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Three animals had nodular and alopecia lesions on the muzzle, ears and ulcerated lesions on the distal extremities of the pelvic limbs. The males (2) also had diffuse thickening of the scrotal skin. Samples of the ulcerated cutaneous lesions were evaluated by cytology which were observed as amastigote forms of Leishmania. One of the animals was euthanized and necropsied. Histopathology showed abundant dermal infiltrate of macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells. Numerous macrophages contained parasitoid vacuoles with amastigote forms, evidenced by immunohistochemical examination. The molecular characterization based on the SSUrDNA gene identified the species as L. enrietti. The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in these cases was based on pathological findings and confirmed by immunohistochemistry, PCR and sequencing.
O objetivo deste experimento foi determinar o intervalo entre o início do estro induzido ou espontâneo e a ovulação em fêmeas bubalinas (Bubalus bubalis) com o auxílio da ultra-sonografia, o que permitirá a determinação de um horário mais apropriado para a I.A. pré-fixada. Nos meses de março a junho, outono no sul do Brasil (época reprodutiva dos bubalinos), 132 fêmeas adultas ciclando foram divididas em 3 grupos experimentais: Grupo A - 53 fêmeas foram tratadas com implante subcutâneo de Norgestomet ou espiral intravaginal contendo progesterona. Na retirada dos dispositivos, foi aplicado 250mg de cloprostenol pela via intra-submucosa vulvar (i.s.m.v.), Grupo B - 48 búfalas foram tratadas com dupla aplicação de 250mg de cloprostenol pela via i.s.m.v. com intervalo de 11 dias e Grupo C - 31 búfalas foram consideradas testemunhas, sem tratamento. Todas as búfalas foram inseminadas no momento da observação do maior diâmetro do folículo pré-ovulatório, detectado por ultra-sonografia, durante o estro. Após o diagnóstico de prenhez, constatou-se, nos três tratamentos, que houve diferença significativa entre as búfalas prenhes e vazias no período compreendido entre o início do estro até o momento da ovulação e no período entre a I.A.e a ovulação. Os índices de prenhez foram de 41,5%, 52,1% e 54,8% nos grupos A, B e C, respectivamente. A variação no intervalo estro-ovulação nas búfalas é uma barreira para a obtenção de taxas de prenhez por I.A. pré-fixada comparáveis à monta natural, tanto no estro induzido através de progesterona e prostaglandina F2 alfa como no estro espontâneo.
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