Phytoene synthase 1 (Psy1) and lipoxygenase 1 (Lpx-1) are key genes involved in the synthesis and catalysis of carotenoid pigments in durum wheat, regulating the increase and decrease in these compounds, respectively, resulting in the distinct yellow color of semolina and pasta. Here, we reported new haplotype variants and/or allele combinations of these two genes significantly affecting yellow pigment content in grain and semolina through their effect on carotenoid pigments. To reach the purpose of this work, three complementary approaches were undertaken: the identification of QTLs associated to carotenoid content on a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, the characterization of a Mediterranean panel of accessions for Psy1 and Lpx-1 genes, and monitoring the expression of Psy1 and Lpx-1 genes during grain filling on two genotypes with contrasting yellow pigments. Our data suggest that Psy1 plays a major role during grain development, contributing to semolina yellowness, and Lpx-1 appears to be more predominant at post-harvest stages and during pasta making.
Grain protein composition is important
in wheat quality and may
influence the amino acidic sequence of bioactive peptides obtained
from this feedstock. However, the genetic basis modulating the amino
acid profile in durum wheat is not well-understood. Therefore, strong
and weak gluten strength durum wheat genotypes were evaluated for
their amino acid composition along grain filling. Strong gluten strength
lines showed higher expression levels of low-molecular-weight glutenin-related
genes between 21 and 35 days post-anthesis (DPA) and exhibited up
to 43.5% more alanine than the weak lines at 42 DPA, which was supported
by the higher expression levels of putative alanine amino transferase
genes in strong genotypes. Therefore, with the involvement of chemistry
and molecular biology, the results present here may influence the
science of wheat.
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