Recent and future parallel clusters and supercomputers use SMPs and multi-core processors as basic nodes, providing a huge amount of parallel resources. These systems often have hierarchically structured interconnection networks combining computing resources at different levels, starting with the interconnect within multi-core processors up to the interconnection network combining nodes of the cluster or supercomputer. The challenge for the programmer is that these computing resources should be utilized efficiently by exploiting the available degree of parallelism of the application programs and by structuring the application in a way which is sensitive to the heterogeneous interconnect.In this article, we present an approach to structure the computations of an application as parallel tasks which can interact with other parallel tasks in communication phases. In particular, we consider how these parallel tasks can be mapped onto the computing resources provided by parallel clusters or supercomputers. We show that the scalability can be significantly improved by a suitable task-based organization and a corresponding structuring of the communication within tasks as well as between tasks. We evaluate the impact of different mappings of tasks to cores for different application programs on a variety of parallel machines.
Recent and future parallel clusters and supercomputers use symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs) and multi-core processors as basic nodes, providing a huge amount of parallel resources. These systems often have hierarchically structured interconnection networks combining computing resources at different levels, starting with the interconnect within multi-core processors up to the interconnection network combining nodes of the cluster or supercomputer. The challenge for the programmer is that these computing resources should be utilized efficiently by exploiting the available degree of parallelism of the application program and by structuring the application in a way which is sensitive to the heterogeneous interconnect. In this article, we pursue a parallel programming method using parallel tasks to structure parallel implementations. A parallel task can be executed by multiple processors or cores and, for each activation of a parallel task, the actual number of executing cores can be adapted to the specific execution situation. In particular, we propose a new combined scheduling and mapping technique for parallel tasks with dependencies that takes the hierarchical structure of modern multi-core clusters into account. An experimental evaluation shows that the presented programming approach can lead to a significantly higher performance compared to standard data parallel implementations.
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