This document is an update to the 2013 publication of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) Board of Trustees Task Force on Standardized Protocols. Concurrent with this publication, 3 additional task forces will publish documents that should be referred to in conjunction with the present document. The first is a document on the Clinical Indications for CMR, an update of the 2004 document. The second task force will be updating the document on Reporting published by that SCMR Task Force in 2010. The 3rd task force will be updating the 2013 document on Post-Processing. All protocols relative to congenital heart disease are covered in a separate document. The section on general principles and techniques has been expanded as more of the techniques common to CMR have been standardized. A section on imaging in patients with devices has been added as this is increasingly seen in day-today clinical practice. The authors hope that this document continues to standardize and simplify the patient-based approach to clinical CMR. It will be updated at regular intervals as the field of CMR advances.

This document is an update to the 2008 publication of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) Board of Trustees Task Force on Standardized Protocols. Since the time of the original publication, 3 additional task forces (Reporting, Post-Processing, and Congenital Heart Disease) have published documents that should be referred to in conjunction with the present document. The section on general principles and techniques has been expanded as more of the techniques common to CMR have been standardized. There is still a great deal of development in the area of tissue characterization/mapping, so these protocols have been in general left as optional. The authors hope that this document continues to standardize and simplify the patient-based approach to clinical CMR. It will be updated at regular intervals as the field of CMR advances.

Index1. General techniques1.1. Stress and safety equipment1.2. Left ventricular (LV) structure and function module1.3. Right ventricular (RV) structure and function module1.4. Gadolinium dosing module.1.5. First pass perfusion1.6. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE)2. Disease specific protocols2.1. Ischemic heart disease2.1.1. Acute myocardial infarction (MI)2.1.2. Chronic ischemic heart disease and viability2.1.3. Dobutamine stress2.1.4. Adenosine stress perfusion2.2. Angiography:2.2.1. Peripheral magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)2.2.2. Thoracic MRA2.2.3. Anomalous coronary arteries2.2.4. Pulmonary vein evaluation2.3. Other2.3.1. Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy2.3.2. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)2.3.3. Congenital heart disease2.3.4. Valvular heart disease2.3.5. Pericardial disease2.3.6. Masses

No abstract

Short- and long-axis cine magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained with a standard fast low-angle shot, or FLASH, sequence and a first-generation true fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP) sequence on a 1.5-T MR imager. Contrast-to-noise ratios and volumetric left ventricular measurements were compared for manual and automatic segmentation. True FISP images were associated with significantly (P<.01) higher contrast-to-noise ratios and allowed better detection of the endocardial border. True FISP images were provided with short acquisition times and excellent contrast between the myocardium and the ventricular lumen.

Higher radiation doses are delivered at multi-detector row cardiac CT compared with the doses delivered at electron-beam CT and catheter coronary angiography.

Ostensibly healthy marathon runners have an unexpectedly high rate of myocardial LGE, and this may have diagnostic and prognostic relevance.

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel imaging method that was first proposed by Gleich and Weizenecker in 2005. Applying static and dynamic magnetic fields, MPI exploits the unique characteristics of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The SPIONs’ response allows a three-dimensional visualization of their distribution in space with a superb contrast, a very high temporal and good spatial resolution. Essentially, it is the SPIONs’ superparamagnetic characteristics, the fact that they are magnetically saturable, and the harmonic composition of the SPIONs’ response that make MPI possible at all. As SPIONs are the essential element of MPI, the development of customized nanoparticles is pursued with the greatest effort by many groups. Their objective is the creation of a SPION or a conglomerate of particles that will feature a much higher MPI performance than nanoparticles currently available commercially. A particle’s MPI performance and suitability is characterized by parameters such as the strength of its MPI signal, its biocompatibility, or its pharmacokinetics. Some of the most important adjuster bolts to tune them are the particles’ iron core and hydrodynamic diameter, their anisotropy, the composition of the particles’ suspension, and their coating. As a three-dimensional, real-time imaging modality that is free of ionizing radiation, MPI appears ideally suited for applications such as vascular imaging and interventions as well as cellular and targeted imaging. A number of different theories and technical approaches on the way to the actual implementation of the basic concept of MPI have been seen in the last few years. Research groups around the world are working on different scanner geometries, from closed bore systems to single-sided scanners, and use reconstruction methods that are either based on actual calibration measurements or on theoretical models. This review aims at giving an overview of current developments and future directions in MPI about a decade after its first appearance.