Barbosa JB. A Application of Geochemistry and Micromorphology in the Detection of Anthropic Soils in Uru ceramist settlements in the Araguaia River Basin, Goiás, Brazil, 2019. Anthropic soils have a decisive role in some processes, mainly in daily of human practices, the way they occupy space and settle leave marks on the soil, such as housing structures, bonfires, organic and mineral debris. All around us involve physical and chemical transformations, so the understanding of those phnomena is essential for human development in all respects. The databases and ethno-historical sources of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries indicate the indigenous settlements on the banks of the Araguaia River and its tributaries. Archaeological studies have recorded farmer villages whose ceramic materials stand out because they are predominantly on the surface along with the presence of blackened soils. Therefore, researches in Cangas I and Lago Rico (Goiás) were performed using the geochemical, archaeometrical and micromorphological analysis, in order to identify anthropic soils in precolonial ceramist settlements. Environment is an extremely important variable when it comes to chemical effects. Understanding how these elements behave in Cerrado environments is extremely important when analyzing pre-colonial settlement forms and the territorial displacements of human groups. The use of soil micromorphology, a pioneer in the research for the Cerrado biome, is essential for the interpretation of the chemical readings in response to the questions and the process of accomplishment of tasks in the settlements, which makes possible new discussions on the forms and functions of the Uru ceramist settlements in the Araguaia River Basin. The results obtained from the use of the analytical techniques proved that the Cangas I site has been the oldest settlement with characteristic of fix occupation as identified by the anthropic deposits, as the presence of fragments and bone structures of fire pit. Meanwhile, Lake Rico would have been occupied as a seasonal mobility camp too. In relation to the morphology of the settlements, the Cangas site resembles the sites affiliated to the Aruanã phase that is linear, whereas Lago Rico site presents two areas of circular concentration, which resemble the Itapirapuã, Uru and Jaupaci phases. Ethnographic data assume that the settlements had been occupied by Karajá, Bororo and Kayapó indigenous groups. Thus, the diversity of the archaeological patterns found in this period, considered the most recent of the farmers' settlements, suggests migration flows with varied routes, speeds and behaviors. A process of constant diversification of the adaptive strategies regarding the abrupt transformation of the landscape along the two sites of Cerrado Tradições Ceramistas Período Una 440 a.C. a 1210 d.C. Aratu 171 d.C. a 1470 d.C. Uru 800 d.C. a 1720 d.C. Tupiguarani 860 d.C. a 1440 d.C.
Los estudios geoarqueológicos con análisis microscópicos han sido cruciales para la identificación de suelos modificados por la acción humana. La micromorfología en Brasil ha sido utilizada en sitios, concheros y sambaquis del sur y sudeste del país, en abrigos rocosos de la región de Lagoa Santa (Minas Gerais) y en sitios de «Terra Preta» (tierra negra) en Amazonas y Acre. Los llamados suelos antrópicos tienen un papel decisivo en los procesos de adición y movimiento de residuos orgánicos, minerales y prácticas de manejo del suelo. Para identificar e interpretar los diversos tipos de marcas y actividades humanas en el suelo es importante comprender primero cómo ocurren estos cambios. En principio, las alteraciones en el suelo inducidas por humanos pueden ser causadas por procesos de adición de materiales al suelo y estos son identificados en la lectura micromorfológica de láminas delgadas. Los sitios arqueológicos de alfareros se encuentran ubicados en la cuenca del río Araguaia. Los asentamientos ceramistas en el estado de Goiás se estudiaron con el fin de identificar cuándo y cómo se establecieron estos grupos en la región central del país. Estos estudios mencionan la existencia de un suelo oscurecido en los sitios, que hasta ahora no había sido estudiado a través de investigaciones micromorfológicas. La relación entre las características del bioma de Cerrado, con sus altos índices de acidez, y la ocupación humana en un área dada es importante para entender la tafonomía del suelo. El uso de la micromorfología demostró que incluso en entornos ácidos es posible observar alteraciones posteriores a la sedimentación, eventos microestratigráficos, fragmentos microscópicos de carbón, huesos, diversos minerales, como calcio, fósforo, compuestos orgánicos y microfragmentos cerámicos, todos relacionados a las actividades antrópicas de los sitios alfareros.
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