Racial disparities are observed clinically in Crohn’s Disease (CD) with research suggesting African Americans (AA) have worse outcomes than Caucasian Americans (CA). The aim of this study is to assess whether socioeconomic status (SES) rather than race is the major predictor of worse outcomes. We designed a retrospective cohort study of 944 CD patients seen at our center. Patients’ billing zip codes were collected and average income and percent of population living above or below poverty level (PL) for each zip code calculated. Patients were separated by quartiles using average state income level and federal PL. Demographics and hospitalization rates were collected. Poison regression models estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) for CD-related hospitalizations. Incidence rate (IR) of hospitalization per 100-person years for the lowest income group was 118 (CI 91.4–152.3), highest income group was 29 (CI 21.7–38.9), Above PL was 26.9 (25.9–28.9), Below PL was 35.9 (33.1–38.9), CA was 25.3 (23.7–27), and AA was 51.4 (46.8–56.3). IRR for a CD-related hospitalization for lowest income group was 2.01 (CI 1.34–3.01), for Below PL was 1.26 (CI 1.12–1.42), and for AAs was 1.88 (CI 1.66–2.12). SES and race are both associated with hospitalization among CD patients and need further investigation.
Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir without ribavirin is an effective treatment of recurrent hepatitis C virus infection post-liver transplant. The entire group achieved sustained viral response at 12 weeks irrespective of the length of treatment. The combination of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir was well tolerated without serious adverse effects or discontinuation.
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