[a] 1IntroductionThe synthesis of nanocompositesi sastrong and broadening field of research seeking to advance the capabilities of conventional energetic material systems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].E nergetic nanocomposites areg enerally comprised of discrete fuel and oxidizer particles with nanoscale dimensions. Nanoparticle fuelsa nd oxidizers enable very rapid reactivity as ar esult of reducing the heat and mass diffusion lengths required for combustion. The arrangement and intimacy of the fuel and oxidizer nanoparticles in energetic nanocomposites profoundly impactsr eactivity.M aximizing fuel and oxidizer interfacial contact is paramount for achieving optimum reactionk inetics, and numerous approaches have been reported with the goal of intelligently self-assembling nanocomposites [3,4,7,9,11]. We have previously demonstrated that functionalized graphene in the form of graphene oxide (GO) can be employeda sas elf-assembly directing agent to produce highly-reactive macroparticulates of nanocomposites [9].G Ow as shownt oe nhance the energy content of aluminum and bismuth trioxide (Al/ Bi 2 O 3 )n anocomposites up to 92 %a safunction of GO weight percentage. Enhanced energy contentw as due to improvedf uel and oxidizer intermixing from self-assembly as well as the participation of GO as ar eactant duringc ombustion.The motivation of this work was to evaluate the role of GO directed self-assembly in modifying the combustion behaviors and ignition sensitivities of Al/Bi 2 O 3 nanocomposites. Al/Bi 2 O 3 was the material systemo fi nterest here due to its highd ensity,e nergy content, and gas production by weight, whichh ave encouraged many otherr ecent studies [9,[12][13][14][15][16].T he pressure generating capability,l inear combustion rate, thrust behavior,a nd electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity of GO self-assembled Al/Bi 2 O 3 were measured in direct comparison to randomly mixed Al/Bi 2 O 3 nanopowders. Combustion behaviors were measured across ar ange of %Theoretical Maximum Densities (TMD) to evaluate the effect of GO self-assembly in various combustion regimes [15][16][17].W epostulate that the enhanced energy content realized through GO directed self-assembly extends towards predictably improvingt he combustion performance of Al/Bi 2 O 3 nanocomposites. The formation of macroparticulates from the self-assembly processa nd introductiono fc arbon also augers well for reducing the ignition sensitivities of the nanocomposites, which in their pure state can be extremely sensitive.T he fundamental ,a nd specifici mpulse from4 1t o 71 s. The sensitivity of the self-assembled aluminum and bismuth trioxide to electrostatic dischargew as reducedb y four orders of magnitude, without decreasing the combustion performance. Graphene oxide directed self-assembly can be used to synthesize nanocomposites with diverse combustionp roperties and controlledi gnition sensitivity, which lays the foundation for preparing multi-functional, highly-reactive, combustions ystems in the future.
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