In this paper, we study the theory of linearized gravity and prove the linear stability of Schwarzschild black holes as solutions of the vacuum Einstein equations. In particular, we prove that solutions to the linearized vacuum Einstein equations centered at a Schwarzschild metric, with suitably regular initial data, remain uniformly bounded and decay to a linearized Kerr metric on the exterior region. We employ Hodge decomposition to split the solution into closed and co-closed portions, respectively identified with even-parity and odd-parity solutions in the physics literature. For the co-closed portion, we extend previous results by the first two authors, deriving Regge-Wheeler type equations for two gauge-invariant master quantities without the earlier paper's need of axisymmetry. For the closed portion, we build upon earlier work of Zerilli and Moncrief, wherein the authors derive an equation for a gauge-invariant master quantity in a spherical harmonic decomposition. We work with gauge-invariant quantities at the level of perturbed connection coefficients, with the initial value problem formulated on Cauchy data sets. With the choice of an appropriate gauge in each of the two portions, decay estimates on these decoupled quantities are used to establish decay of the metric coefficients of the solution, completing the proof of linear stability. Our result differs from that of Dafermos-Holzegel-Rodnianski, both in our choice of gauge and in our identification and utilization of lower-level gauge-invariant master quantities.
In this article, we present the definitive transformation formulae of the mass aspect and angular momentum aspect under BMS transformations. Two different approaches that lead to the same formulae are taken. In the first approach, the formulae are derived by reading off the aspect functions from the curvature tensor. While in the second and more traditional approach, we read them off from the metric coefficients. As an application of the angular momentum aspect transformation formula, we directly verify a relation concerning the Dray-Streubel angular momentum. It also enables us to reinterpret our calculations in terms of differential forms on null infinity, and leads to an exact expression of the Drey-Streubel angular momentum of a general section. The formulae we obtained played crucial roles in our recent work on supertranslation invariant charges, and resolved some inconsistencies in the literature.
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