Background:The loss of FOXO3 is critical for tumor growth. Results: FOXO3 and lipid droplets (LDs) have feedback regulation, and the loss of FOXO3 leading to increased LDs is key in the growth of colonic cells. Conclusion: FOXO3-dependent LDs provide lipid energy critical for cellular growth. Significance: Identifying regulators of cellular lipid energy could provide new targets for colon cancer treatment.

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OBJECTIVE To objectively evaluate adherence to timing and dosing of insulin by using Bluetooth pen caps and examine factors related to adherence. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Bluetooth-enabled insulin pen caps were used in younger (ages 18–35 years) and older (ages ≥65 years) adults on two or more insulin injections per day. RESULTS We evaluated 75 participants with diabetes, 42 younger (29 ± 4 years) and 33 older (73 ± 7 years). Nonadherence was found in 24% of bolus (Apidra) doses and 36% of basal (Lantus) doses. We divided participants into tertiles on the basis of overall adherence, with the most adherent tertile having 85% dose adherence compared with 49% in the least adherent tertile (P < 0.001). Participants in the most adherent tertile had better glycemic control than those in the least adherent tertile (7.7 ± 1.1% [61 ± 12 mmol/mol] vs. 8.6 ± 1.5% [70 ± 16.4 mmol/mol], P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Nonadherence to insulin dosing and timing can be objectively assessed by Bluetooth pen caps and is associated with poor glycemic control.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is now commonly used in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The CGM-derived coefficient of variation (CV) measures glucose variability, and the glucose management indicator (GMI) measures mean glycemia (previously called estimated A1C). However, their relationship with laboratory-measured A1C and the risk of hypoglycemia in older adults with T1D is not well studied. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn a single-center study, older adults (age ‡65 years) with T1D wore a CGM device for 14 days. The CV (%) and GMI were calculated, and A1C and clinical and demographic information were collected. RESULTSWe evaluated 130 older adults (age 71 6 5 years), of whom 55% were women, 97% were White, diabetes duration was 39 6 17 years, and A1C was 7.3 6 0.6% (56 6 15 mmol/mol). Participants were stratified by high CV (>36%; n 5 77) and low CV (£36%; n 5 53). Although there was no difference in A1C levels between the groups with high and low CV (7.3% [56 mmol/mol] vs. 7.3% [53 mmol/mol], P 5 0.4), the high CV group spent more time in hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL and £54 mg/dL) compared with the group with low CV (median 31 vs. 84 min/day, P < 0.0001; 8 vs. 46 min/day, P < 0.001, respectively). An absolute difference between A1C and GMI of ‡0.5% was observed in 46% of the cohort. When the A1C was higher than the GMI by ‡0.5%, a higher duration of hypoglycemia was observed (P 5 0.02). CONCLUSIONSIn older adults with T1D, the use of CGM-derived CV and GMI can better identify individuals at higher risk for hypoglycemia compared with A1C alone. These measures should be combined with A1C for better diabetes management in older adults with T1D.Older adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at a higher risk of hypoglycemia and its associated negative consequences, such as loss of consciousness, cardiac arrhythmias, traumatic falls, and higher risk of mortality (1-5). Current guidelines for older adults with T1D recommend less stringent hemoglobin A 1c (A1C) targets to mitigate hypoglycemia (6). However, studies have shown that liberalization of A1C may not protect against the risk of hypoglycemia in the older population (1,7-9). Additionally, comorbidities that affect red blood cell (RBC) life span, such as anemia, chronic kidney

Stem cell sources for cell‐based therapeutics are often screened for infectious agents and genetic diseases prior to implantation; however, there are other risk factors that are often overlooked, which may ultimately lead to less efficacious clinical outcomes. One such risk factor is exposure of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to cigarette smoke or nicotine. Recent data have shown that exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine leads to decreased regenerative potential, namely decreased proliferation, decreased migration, and decreased differentiation potential of exposed MSCs. This review provides a brief introduction into MSCs and their respective niches and a summary regarding the interactions of cigarettes and nicotine with MSCs populations. Specifically, the effects of cigarette smoke and nicotine on the regenerative potential of MSCs (i.e., proliferation, migration, and differentiation) will be covered with an emphasis on considerations for the development of future cell‐based clinical trials and therapies. stem cells translational medicine 2017;6:1815–1821