The purpose of this paper is to explain how the relationship between foreign policies based on the 'Blame Game' could affect the social conditions of society, especially in terms of discrimination against people of Asian descent. The act of accusing each other by Western countries against China over who should actually be responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic has made international political conditions more tense and heated. China's defensive foreign policy strategy turned out to be aggressive and even creates a distortion of information regarding the truth of the origins of the pandemic. So the result is a Blame Game that is destructive, uncooperative, and actually makes problems unresolved where to deal with a global pandemic requires collective action. This is also leads to the increase of discrimination acts towards Asian community. This paper uses an explanatory-qualitative method, with data collection techniques through literature study. Constructivism theory and the concept of Political Racism are used as an analytical tool to explain how the relationship between the research variable. As the result, political elites create identities through the blaming game on various media platforms especially social media, which impacts on the creation of xenophobic perceptions towards the Asian community.
Abstrak Saat ini isu terorisme di Kawasan Asia Tenggara menjadi hal yang cukup penting untuk diperbincangkan, kawasan ini menjadi wilayah yang berpotensi besar akan hadirnya tindak kekerasan terorisme. Kehadiran kelompok islam radikal di Asia Tenggara menjadi faktor utama maraknya ancaman teror yang belakangan ini dirasa cukup meresahkan dan menimbulkan ketakutan terhadap masyarakat sekitar. Adanya hal ini kemudian membuat negara – negara di Kawasan Asia Tenggara bersepakat untuk mengantisipasi penyebaran aksi terorisme dengan menjalin kerja sama dengan Australia. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alasan kerja sama keamanan yang dilakukan oleh ASEAN dengan Australia dalam menghadapi ancaman terorisme, khususnya di Kawasan Asia Tenggara. Penggunaan Konsep Kerja Sama Keamanan Internasional dan Konsep Motivasi Kerja Sama Internasional sebagai alat dalam menjelaskan fenomena yang dikaji. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data, telaah pustaka, buku, artikel, jurnal, dan dokumen – dokumen lainnya untuk dapat menganalisa permasalahan tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa alasan kerja sama keamanan yang dijalin oleh ASEAN dan Australia, meliputi menjaga keamanan nasional dan perdamaian kawasan dari adanya aksi-aksi teror yang melibatkan organisasi-organisasi terorisme. Walaupun masih belum mencapai hasil yang diinginkan, kerja sama yang dijalin oleh ASEAN dan Australia ini diharapkan dapat semakin meningkatkan keamanan regional dari kedua belah pihak. Kata Kunci: ASEAN, Australia, Kerja Sama Terorisme Abstract At this time the problem of terrorism in the Southeast Asian Region is quite important to discuss, this region is a region with great potential for the presence of acts of terrorism. The presence of radical Islamic groups in Southeast Asia has become a major factor in the emergence of terror threats, which lately is considered quite disturbing and frightening to surrounding communities. This existence then made the countries in the Southeast Asia Region agree to anticipate the spread of terrorist acts by establishing cooperation with Australia. This study aims to determine the reasons for security cooperation undertaken by ASEAN and Australia in dealing with the threat of terrorism, particularly in the Southeast Asian Region. The use of the Concept of International Security Cooperation and the Concept of Motivation for International Cooperation as tools in explaining the phenomenon under study. In this study the authors used qualitative research methods with data collection techniques, literature reviews, books, articles, journals, and other documents to be able to analyze the problem. The results of this study reveal several reasons for the security cooperation established by ASEAN and Australia, including national security and regional peace from acts of terror involving terrorist organizations. Although it has not yet achieved the desired results, the cooperation carried out by ASEAN and Australia is expected to increase regional security from both parties. Keyword: ASEAN, Australia, Terrorism Cooperatio
The purpose of this study is to explain the process of applying the concept of smart city in Batu that focuses on agriculture. Smart city is a rising concept to be discussed, it is because many countries apply this concept in developing their cities using ICT (Information and Communication Technology). Indonesia became one of the countries that participated in implementing the concept of smart city, through the "100 Smart City Movement" program. Batu City is one of the cities that applies the concept, but there is an interesting thing that they focus on the concept of agriculture as their main source. The study was a qualitative descriptive study using data collection techniques in the form of interviews. Advocacy Coalition Theory will be a tool in explaining the application of the Batu City smart city policy, and can map the actors and plot of the policy making. The results obtained are Batu City smart city policy focusing on agriculture because it wants to maximize the potential of Batu City in agriculture by giving birth to an online transaction system between farmers and consumers to prevent the practice of middlemen. But the realization of smart city in Batu City still has various obstacles in its implementation, including community participation and patterns of cooperation that have not been effective. Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menjelaskan mengenai proses penerapan konsep smart city di Kota Batu yang berfokus di bidang pertanian. Smart city merupakan konsep yang sedang naik daun untuk dibahas, hal tersebut dikarenakan banyak negara-negara menerapkan konsep ini dalam membangun perkotaannya dengan menggunakan TIK (Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi). Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara yang ikut menerapkan konsep smart city, melalui program "Gerakan 100 Smart City". Kota Batu merupakan salah satu kota yang menerapkan konsep tersebut, akan tetapi terdapat hal yang menarik yakni mereka memfokuskan konsep tersebut pada bidang pertanian yang menjadi sumber utama mereka. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara. Teori Koalisi Advokasi akan menjadi alat dalam menjelaskan penerapan kebijakan smart city Kota Batu, serta dapat memetakan aktor dan alur dari terbuatnya kebijakan tersebut. Hasil yang didapatkan yakni kebijakan smart city Kota Batu berfokus kepada bidang pertanian dikarenakan ingin memaksimalkan potensi Kota Batu dalam bidang pertanian dengan melahirkan sistem transaksi lansung (online) antara petani dan konsumen untuk mencegah praktek tengkulak. Tetapi realisasi smart city di Kota Batu masih memiliki bebagai hambatan dalam implementasinya, meliputi partisipasi masyarakat dan pola kerjasama yang belum efektif.
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